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(apsaras) . , . , . : , , .

(arghya) , .

(asurAH) , ( , ). : (.) (.). , , , ( ), - - .

(Azrama) -, . .

(bAlagRhAH) - , "" ( .. , ) "" .

(bali) , , , , , , -.

(brAhmaNAH) . .

(bhUtAH) , . , . .

(vajra) , .

(vaiSyAH) . .

(vAmAcAra) . .

(varNAH, . varNa . , ) : (), ( ), (, ), ( , ).

(vasavaH) , , : , , , , , , . . , , , .

(vaSaTkAra) , .

(vedAH) , : ( ), ( ), ( ), ( ). : , . .

(vindhya) , .

(gandharvAH) , . .

(granthayaH) , () , . : -, - -.

(guNAH) , , , . : 1). , , , 2). , , , , 3). , .

(daityAH) , .

(dAnavAH) , .

, .

(dvija, dvijAti) : , . , , , , . , , , . .

- (devIsUkta) , (,125).

(jIva) , , , .

- (jJAna-zakti) - , . -.

- (icchA-zakti) - , . -.

(kAla) - , 1,6 .

(kAlakAH) , .

(kAlikeyAH) , .

(kalpa) . 1 4320 . , . 14 (.), 71 .

(kamaNDalu) ( ). .

(kambu) , .

(kASTha) , 0,8 .

(kiGgalkinI) , .

(koTivIrya) , .

(koza, . , , ) , . :
1). - (annamaya-koza, . ), , ,
2).- (prANamaya -koza, . ), , ,
3).- (manomaya-koza, . . . - , . , ,
4). - (vijJAnamaya-koza, . ), - . , , ,
5).- (Anandamaya -koza, . ). - . , .
(-) (-), . (-) - (sthUla-zarIra, . ). -, - - - (sUkSma-zarIra, . ) - (Linga-deha). - - (kAraNa-zarIra, . ).

- (kriyA-zakti) , . -.

(kuNDalini, . ) , . . , , . . (. ). , ( ), . . , , ; . . , .. , , , () ().

(kuza) Poa Cynosuroides, ( ), .

(kSatriyAH) . .

(manvantara, . ) , (.) 306720 . 14 . , .

(mantrAH) , , , , . , . , . . , , , . -. , , - ( - ). - - , , . . -. -, , . (. - Logos spermatikoi). - 8:10.

. .

(mAtRkAH) , . - . - , . : , , , , , , , . , . , , (, , ). , .

(mauryAH) , .

(mahAkuNDalini) . .

(meru) , , .

(mRdaGga) , , .

(navaratri, . ) , . : ( ) ( ). . , , . , ( ), . , : , .

(nandana, . ) .

(paJcamakAra, () , ) , (). (), (), ( ) , , (). .

(pArijAta) , . . , .

(pAtala) , .

(pinAka) .

(pizAcAH) . , ; . .

(pUjA, . ) , , - ( ) . 16 .

(purANAH,. (), . . . purANa) , . : 1. Sarga - ( ), 2. Pratisarga - , 3. VaMSa - ( , ), 4. Manvantara - ( ), 5. VaMSa-carita - ( ). (4 . . .). , , , , . . 18 ( ) 18 ( ). 20 . , : (), , (). -, -, - -. , , -.

(rakSasAH) , , . , , , , .

.

(savitrI) , (111,62.10), . , , .

(sAmAni) , , , .

(saMsAra) , . . .

( tantra , , ) ( , -), . :

1). , : .

2). .

3). - , , .

4). , , () ().

5). ( ) .

6). , .

7). , , ( ).

8). .

9). , .

10). , . .

: 1). (), , 2). (), , : , , (. ), 3). , , , . -.

(tattvAH, . . . tattva , ) 1). , , , , . 25 . , , 36 (25 + 11 ), 2). .

(tridAzAH) , . 12 , 8 10 .

(tURya) , ( ).

(udgItha) , - .

(upaniSad, . () , (). 108 , 200. , . , . - , , . : -, -, -, -- . (, , ).

(utkrAntidA) .

(homa) (havis), .

(cakra, . , ) . , : ( ), (), (), ( ), (), (), ( ). .

(carita) .

(zakti, . ) , . . -.

, .

(zArGga) , .

(zAstrAH) - , .

(zloka) , , (), .

(ekArNava) - , .

(yajUMSi) .

(yakSAH) . . .

- . . .: , 1998.

- . . // : . 5 .: - .-. . -, 2002.

- . . . .: , 2000.

- . . . . . .: , 1993.

-, - - .. . . . - .: , 1985.

- . / . . . .: , 1995.

- . . 3- ., . .: A-cad, 1994.

- . . .: - , 1999.

- . . // . . 6, . 1. . 2- ., . . .: , 1996.

- . . : . .: . ., 2002.

- : .- .: , 1997.

: - : . 2- ., . .: , 1995.

- . \. . - .: , 1969.

. . - . . . - .: , 1996.

- . .1. .-.: , 1997.

- . . .: , 1996.

- (- -). . ., ., . . . . . . .: , 1992.

- . . - . 3- ., . . .: , 1996.

- . .: , 1995.

1958 - . . . . . . 4. : , 1958.

1963 - . . . . . . 7, . 2. : , 1963.

1974 - . . .: , 1974.

1987 - . . [] /. . . . . . - .: , 1987.

1992 - . . , / . . . .: , 1992.

1996 - . . , / . . . . .: , 1996.

1998 - . . , . . , . -/ . . . . . . .: -, 1998.

2000 - . . . . .: , 2000.

2001 - . .: , 2001.

- . 2- . .: . , 1992.

- . . . .: , 1990.

- . . : , , . .: , 2002.

. . // . , , . .: , 1985.

- . . . . .: , 1990.

- . : 2- . .: , 1993.

1989 - : V. - . . . .- .: , 1989.

1999 - : Y YIII. . . . . - .: , 1999.

1999 - : IX - X. . . . . - .: , 1999.

- . . . .: , 1989.

- . . . .: , 1991.

- . / . . . . .: , 1998.

- . . . . : , 1997.

/ . . . .: , 1997.

- . . 3. .: -, 1996.

, 1982 - . ., . . . .: , 1982.

, 1979 - .., .. .- .: , 1979.

- . . , , . .: , 2000.

- . []. . . . . .: , 1980.

- . . . . .: , 1999.

- .- 2- .. . - .: , 2000.

. : . .: , 1999.

Ajit Mookerji - Ajit Mookerji. Kali. The Feminine Force. - London: Thames and Hudson Ltd., 1988.

Apte - Apte V. Sh. The Student s Sanskrit-English dictionary. 2 Ed. Bombay: Gopal Narayen and Co, 1922.

The Devibhagavata-purana - The Devibhagavata-purana. Translated by Swami Vijnanananda. New Delhi: Nag Publishers, 1977 (reprint).

The Devi Gita - The Devi Gita (Song of the Goddess). Translated by Swami Vijnanananda // Sacred Books of the Hindus. - Vol. 26. Allahabad: Panini Office, 1921.

Introduction to Kashmir Shaivism - Introduction to Kashmir Shaivism. Ganeshpuri: Gurudev Siddha Peeth, 1975.

Tiwari - Tiwari J. N. Goddess Cults in ancient India. Delhi: Sundeep Prakashan, 1985.

Worterbuch Sanskrit-Deutsch von Dr. K. Mylius. Leipzig: Verlag Enzyklopadie, 1975.

www.hubcom.com/tantric www.shaktism.narod.ru

- , . .

SUMMARY

This book contains a translation into Russian of the Devi-mahatmya. Ideological basis of this text is Shaktism. Shaktism is one of three directions in Hinduism, side by side with Vishnuism and Shivaism, core of which is the cult of the Supreme Goddess, female principle, personifying in shapes of various Hindu goddesses and, first of all, the wife of Shiva, known under names Devi, Kali, Durga, Parvati and others.

The history of this cult leaves in depth of centuries. The scientists think, that it was one of central cults in religion of the Indus civilization (23 18 centuries B. C.).

The Indus civilization comes in decline for the unknown reasons in the beginning of second millenium B. C. After this Aryan tribes invaded the northern part of India. The reverence of the goddesses was not typical for patriarchal society of Aryans. However gradually they begin to mix up with Dravids, descendents of the inhabitants of the Indus civilization, and the synthesis of cultures and religions of both peoples took place. As a result, in pantheon of religion, which received the name Hinduism, a lot of the goddesses entered, representing only various manifestations of the one Supreme Goddess.

There many sources for study of Shaktism, and the Devi-mahatmya is one of major ones. The Devi-mahatmya can be translated as The exalting of the Goddess Another names of the poem are Chandi-mahatmya and Saptashati. The Devi-mahatmya is the earliest puranic and the most authoritate text devoted to the Goddess.

The Devi-mahatmya is the part of the Markandeya-purana and forms from 78 to 90 chapters of the purana. As to chronological framework, the Devi-mahatmya arose already in 6 7 A. D. And acquired its final form in 9 century A. D. The most ancient remained manuscript of the poem is dated by 988.

The Devi-mahatmya is the collection of myths about Devi and contains three principal myths: about victory of the Goddess over Madhu and Kaitabha, about victory over Mahisha and about victory over Shumbha and Nishumbha. The first myth was born in Vaishnava environment and another ones in Shaiva environment.

The main character of the poem is the Goddess, which appeares in different forms and by different names. The Goddess is the power creating, supporting and destroying the world, She penetrates the all and fills the universe by Her force. With respect to people the Goddess plays ambiguos role, appearing both gracious deity and terrible one.

In the Devi-mahatmya we find information about methods of worship of the Goddess. Besides all, the recitation of the Devi-mahatmya is declared as the important part of the Her cult.

The most famous commentary to the Devi-mahatmya is Saptashati-sarvasvam. There is traditional etymology of names of the characters in it. In most cases this etymology is artificial.

In accordance with traditional views, every character of the Devi-mahatmya personofies harmonious (gods) and disharmonious (asuras) functioning of tattvas and its combinations in macrocosm and microcosm, and correct or incorrect application of yogic and tantric practices.

The language of a text is enough simple. The basic poetric form is sloka. The poetric Sanskrit text is transferred on Russian by a free verse. Each separate numbered distich corresponds to every sloka. The division of the Devi-mahatmya on the chapters is made according to the original. The translation includes an introductory article, commentary and two dictionaries: 1. names of the characters, 2. things and terms.

In the whole this book is intended for the prepared reader, which is familiar with philosophy and mythology of Hinduism.

 





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