4 . : , ; , ; , , , .
, :
= Σ 123, ,
1 ;
- , , /;
1 , (1 = 1 , );
2 , (2 = 1, 3 ; 2 = 3, 3 );
3 , ( 1, ; 3 ).
1 , | |
1 | 600,0 |
1 | 60,0 |
2 | 12,0 |
3 | 3,0 |
4 | 1,0 |
: , .
. | 1 | 2 | 3 | |||
1,0 | ||||||
³ | 1,0 | |||||
1,0 | ||||||
60,0 | ||||||
600,0 |
:
= 1123+ 2123+ 3123 +4123+ 5123;
= 180,0 + 450,0 + 7200,0 + 54000 + 54000 = 115830,0
, ; - .
-㳺 :
Z = Σ / (n-1),
Z ;
- , /;
- ;
n .
-㳺 4 :
1- - Z,< 16;
2- - Z = 16-32;
|
|
3- - Z = 32-128;
4- - Z> 128.
:
12 , . | |
6,0 | |
60,0 | |
600,0 |
, , - , . :
= 3 S 1 2 3, .,
12 , ( );
S , 2;
1 , ;
2 , - ;
3 , .
1,
1 | ||
As, Cd, Hg, Se, Pb, Zn, F | 10.0 | |
B, Co, Ni, Mo, Cu, Sb, Cr | 5.0 | |
Ba, V, W, Mn, Sr | 2.5 |
2, - ,
2 | |
2,0 | |
4,0 | |
8,0 |