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FAQ

V.

⇐ 1234



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5.2. . , ( ) , , .

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5.3. , , .

5.4. ( - RVSM) , , "" RVSM, "" 1.1.12 :

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5.5. RVSM.

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1.1.  
Phraseologies
1.1.1 ( "()") ) (); a) FLIGHT LEVEL (number); or
) () ; ) (number) METRES; or
) () . ) (number) FEET.
1.1.2. , ) ( ); : a) CLIMB (or DESCEND); followed as necessary by:
1) 1) TO (level);
... ( ) 2) ( , ) () () 2) TO AND MAINTAIN BLOCK (level) TO (level)
3) () ( ) ( ); 3) TO REACH (level) AT (or BY) (time or significant point);
4) ( , ) (); 4) REPORT LEAVING (or REACHING, or PASSING) (level);
5) () ( ) [ ( )]; 5) AT (number) METRES PER SECOND (or FEET PER MINUTE) [MINIMUM (or MAXIMUM)];
... (CTC) 6) ( ). 6) REPORT STARTING ACCELERATION (or DECELERATION).
) ( , ), , () ( ) ( ) ( ); ) MAINTAIN AT LEAST (number) METRES (or FEET) ABOVE (or BELOW) (aircraft call sign).
) ( ) ( ) [ ( )]; ) REQUEST LEVEL (or FLIGHT LEVEL or ALTITUDE) CHANGE FROM (name of unit) [AT (time or significant point)];
) ( ) (); ) STOP CLIMB (or DESCENT) AT (level);
) ( ) (); ) CONTINUE CLIMB (or DESCENT) TO (level);
) ( ) [ ()]; e) EXPEDITE CLIMB (or DESCENT) [UNTIL PASSING (level)];
) ( ) (); ) WHEN READY CLIMB (or DESCEND) TO (level);
) () ( ) ( ); 3) EXPECT CLIMB (or DESCENT) AT (time or significant point);
*) (); *) REQUEST DESCENT AT (time);
... ) ; j) IMMEDIATELY;
) ( ); k) AFTER PASSING (significant point);
) ( ); l) AT (time or significant point);
... ) (); m) WHEN READY (instruction);
... ) [ ()] [ ()]; n) MAINTAIN OWN SEPARATION AND VMC [FROM (level)] [TO (level)];
) ( , ()]; ) MAINTAIN OWN SEPARATION AND VMC ABOVE (or BELOW, or TO) (level);
... , ) ( ) ; p) IF UNABLE (alternative instructions) AND ADVISE;
... *) ; *q) UNABLE;
... (RA) ( ) *) TCAS RA; *r) TCAS RA;
) ; s) ROGER;
... RA ( ) *) , ( ); *t) CLEAR OF CONFLICT RETURNING TO (assigned clearance);
) ( ); u) ROGER (or alternative instructions);
... RA ( ) *) ( ) ; * v) CLEAR OF CONFLICT (assigned clearance) RESUMED;
) ( ); w) ROGER (or alternative instructions);
... , RA , RA ( ) *) , RA AS; *x) UNABLE, TCAS RA;
) ; y) ROGER;
... () ( - SID) ) ) [ () ( SID)) () () ( SID) () ]; z) CLIMB TO (level) [LEVEL RESTRICTION(S) (SID designator) CANCELLED (or) LEVEL RESTRICTION(S) (SID designator) AT (point) CANCELLED];
... () ( -STAR) ) () [ () ( STAR)] () () ( STAR) () , () ]. aa) DESCEND TO (level) [LEVEL RESTRICTION(S) (STAR designator) CANCELLED (or) LEVEL RESTRICTION(S) (STAR designator) AT (point) CANCELLED].
* , . * Denotes pilot transmission.
1.1.3 / ) ( ) () []; a) CONTACT (unit call sign) (frequency) [NOW];
) ( ) ( ) [ ] [// ()] ( ) (); b) AT (or OVER) (time or place) [or WHEN] [PASSING/LEAVING/REACHING (level)] CONTACT (unit call sign) (frequency);
) (); c) IF NO CONTACT (instructions);
d) ( ) (); d) STAND BY FOR (unit call sign) (frequency);
*) (); *) REQUEST CHANGE (frequency);
) ; f) FREQUENCY CHANGE APPROVED;
) ( ) ( ) (); g) MONITOR (unit call sign) (frequency);
. " " , , , "" , . *) ( ) (); *h) MONITORING (frequency);
) ( ) (); i) WHEN READY CONTACT (unit call sign) (frequency);
) ( ). j) REMAIN THIS FREQUENCY.
* , . * Denotes pilot transmission.
1.1.4 8,33    
. "point" 8,33 - , "decimal".    
... 8,33 ) ; a) CONFIRM EIGHT POINT THREE THREE;
... 8,33 *) ; *b) AFFIRM EIGHT POINT THREE THREE;
... 8,33 *) ; *c) NEGATIVE EIGHT POINT THREE THREE;
... ) ; d) CONFIRM UHF;
... *) ; *e) AFFIRM UHF;
... *) ; *f) NEGATIVE UHF;
... 8,33 ) ; g) CONFIRM EIGHT POINT THREE THREE EXEMPTED;
... 8,33 *) ; *h) AFFIRM EIGHT POINT THREE THREE EXEMPTED;
... 8,33 *) ; *i) NEGATIVE EIGHT POINT THREE THREE EXEMPTED;
... , , / , ) . j) DUE EIGHT POINT THREE THREE REQUIREMENT.
  * , . * Denotes pilot transmission.
1.1.5    
... ) ( ) ( ) [ ] a) CHANGE YOUR CALL SIGN TO (new call sign) [UNTIL FURTHER ADVISED];
... , ) , () [ ( )] b) REVERT TO FLIGHT PLAN CALL SIGN (call sign) [AT (significant point)].
1.1.6 ) ( ) (); a) TRAFFIC (information);
... ) ( ); b) NO REPORTED TRAFFIC;
... *) ; *c) LOOKING OUT;
  *) ( ); *d) TRAFFIC IN SIGHT;
  *) []; *e) NEGATIVE CONTACT [reasons];
  ) [] () ( ) () ( ) ( ) (); f) [ADDITIONAL] TRAFFIC (direction) BOUND (type of aircraft) (level) ESTIMATED (or OVER) (significant point) AT (time);
  ) () () [ ] () () (()) [ ] () ( ). g) TRAFFIC IS (classification) UNMANNED FREE BALLOON(S) WAS [or ESTIMATED] OVER (place) AT (time) REPORTED (level(s)) [or LEVEL UNKNOWN] MOVING (direction) (other pertinent information, if any).
  * , . * Denotes pilot transmission.
1.1.7 ) () () ( ); a) [SURFACE] WIND (number) DEGREES (speed) (units);
  ) ( ) () () ( ). b) WIND AT (level) (number) DEGREES (number) KILOMETRES PER HOUR (or KNOTS);
  ; Wind is always expressed by giving the mean direction and speed and any significant variations thereof.
  ) () ( ) []; c) VISIBILITY (distance) (units) [direction];
  ) ( RVR) [ ()] () ( ); d) RUNWAY VISUAL RANGE (or RVR) [RUNWAY (number)] (distance) (unit of measurement);
  ) ( RVR) () () ; e) RUNWAY VISUAL RANGE (or RVR) RUNWAY (number) NOT AVAILABLE (or NOT REPORTED);
... ( - RVR) ) ( RVR) [ ()] ( ) () ( ), ( ) () ( ), ( ) () ( ). f) RUNWAY VISUAL RANGE (or RVR) [RUNWAY (number)] (first position) (distance) (units), (second position) (distance) (units), (third position) (distance) (units);
  RVR , /. Multiple RVR observations are always representative of the touchdown zone, midpoint zone and the roll-out/stop end zone respectively.
  , , , : , /; Where reports for three locations are given, the indication of these locations may be omitted, provided that the reports are passed in the order of touchdown zone, followed by the midpoint zone and ending with the roll- out/stop end zone report.
... , RVR , ) (RVR) [ ()] ( ) () ( ), ( ) () , ( ) () ( ); g) RUNWAY VISUAL RANGE (or RVR) [RUNWAY (number)] (first position) (distance) (units), (second position) NOT AVAILABLE, (third position) (distance) (units);
  ) ( ); h) PRESENT WEATHER (details);
  ) (, [()] ) ( ) ( ). i) CLOUD (amount, [(type)] and height of base) (units) (or SKY CLEAR);
  ) CAVOK ( ) j) CAVOK;
  VOK --; AVOK pronounced AV-O-KAY.
  ) [] () (/ [] ()); k) TEMPERATURE [MINUS] (number) (and/or DEWPOINT [MINUS] (number));
  ) QNH () [ ]; l) QNH (number) [units];
  ) QFE () [( )]; m) QFE (number) [(units)];
  ) ( ) () ( ) [ ] () (); n) (aircraft type) REPORTED (description) ICING (or TURBULENCE) [IN CLOUD](area) (time);
  ) ( ). o) REPORT FLIGHT CONDITIONS.
1.1.8 ) ( ) ( ); a) NEXT REPORT AT (significant point);
... ) [ ()]; b) OMIT POSITION REPORTS [UNTIL (specify)];
) . e) RESUME POSITION REPORTING.
1.1.9 ) ( ); a) REPORT PASSING (significant point);
... ) () () (GNSS DME) ( DME) ( ); b) REPORT (distance) MILES (GNSS or DME) FROM (name of DME station) (or significant point);
... *) () () (GNSS DME) ( DME) ( ); *c) (distance) MILES (GNSS or DME) FROM (name of DME station) (or significant point);
  ) ( ) VOR ( VOR); d) REPORT PASSING (three digits) RADIAL (name of VOR) VOR;
... ) (GNSS DME) ( ) ( DME); e) REPORT (GNSS or DME) DISTANCE FROM (significant point) or (name of DME station);
... *) () () (GNSS DME) ( DME) ( ). *f) (distance) MILES (GNSS or DME) FROM (name of DME station) (or significant point).
  * , . * Denotes pilot transmission.
1.1.10 ) [()] ( ) () (); a) [(location)] RUNWAY SURFACE CONDITION RUNWAY (number) (condition);
  ) [()] ( ) () ; b) [(location)] RUNWAY SURFACE CONDITION RUNWAY (number) NOT CURRENT;
  ) (); c) LANDING SURFACE (condition);
  ) , (); d) CAUTION CONSTRUCTION WORK (location);
  ) ( ) ( ), ( ) []; e) CAUTION (specify reasons) RIGHT (or LEFT), (or BOTH SIDES) OF RUNWAY [number];
  ) , ( ) ( ); f) CAUTION WORK IN PROGRESS (or OBSTRUCTION) (position and any necessary advice);
  ) ( ) ( ) () ( ) ( ) . ( , , , , ) [/ ( )]; g) RUNWAY REPORT AT (observation time) RUNWAY (number) (type of precipitant) UP TO (depth of deposit) MILLIMETRES. BRAKING ACTION GOOD (or MEDIUM TO GOOD, or MEDIUM, or MEDIUM TO POOR, or POOR or UNRELIABLE) [and/or BRAKING COEFFICIENT (equipment and number)];
  ) ( ) () ( , ); h) BRAKING ACTION REPORTED BY (aircraft type) AT (time) GOOD (or MEDIUM, or POOR);
  ) [()] ( ), () [] (), WAS () (); i) BRAKING ACTION [(location)] (measuring equipment used), RUNWAY (number), TEMPERATURE [MINUS] (number), WAS (reading) AT (time);
  ) ( ) () [ , , (), ( ), , ( , , , , , , , )]; j) RUNWAY (or TAXIWAY) (number) WET [or DAMP, WATER PATCHES, FLOODED (depth), or SNOW REMOVED (length and width as applicable), or TREATED, or COVERED WITH PATCHES OF DRY SNOW (or WET SNOW, or COMPACTED SNOW, or SLUSH, or FROZEN SLUSH, or ICE, or ICE UNDERNEATH, or ICE AND SNOW, or SNOWDRIFTS, or FROZEN RUTS AND RIDGES)];
  ) ( ); k) TOWER OBSERVES (weather information);
  ) \ ( ); l) PILOT REPORTS (weather information).
1.1.11 ) ( ) () ( ); ) () (); a) (specify visual or non-visual aid) RUNWAY (number) (description of deficiency); b) (type) LIGHTING (unserviceability);
  ) GBAS/SBAS/MLS/ILS () ( ); c) GBAS/SBAS/MLS/ILS CATEGORY (category) (serviceability state);
  ) ( ); d) TAXIWAY LIGHTING (description of deficiency);
  ) ( ) () ( ). e) (type of visual approach slope indicator) RUNWAY (number) (description of deficiency).
1.1.12 c ( - RVSM)    
... , RVSM ) RVSM; a) CONFIRM RVSM APPROVED;
... RVSM *) RVSM; *b) AFFIRM RVSM;
... RVSM, *) RVSM [( , )]; *c) NEGATIVE RVSM [(supplementary information, e.g. State aircraft)];
... RVSM ) RVSM , [ , ] (); d) UNABLE ISSUE CLEARANCE INTO RVSM AIRSPACE, MAINTAIN [or DESCEND TO, or CLIMB TO] (level));
... , RVSM *) RVSM ( -) ; *) UNABLE RVSM DUE TURBULENCE;
... , *) RVSM ( -) ; *f) UNABLE RVSM DUE EQUIPMENT;
... , RVSM RVSM ) , RVSM; g) REPORT WHEN ABLE TO RESUME RVSM;
... , RVSM RVSM ) RVSM; h) CONFIRM ABLE TO RESUME RVSM;
... RVSM , *) RVSM. *i) READY TO RESUME RVSM.
     
  * , . * Denotes pilot transmission.
1.1.13 GNSS a) GNSS ( GNSS [- ( GPS +GPS)]); a) GNSS REPORTED UNRELIABLE (or GNSS MAY NOT BE AVAILABLE [DUE TO INTERFERENCE (BY GPS (or GLONASS or GLONASS+GPS CONSTELLATION)]);
  1) () () [ ()] 1) IN THE VICINITY OF (location) (radius) [BETWEEN (levels)]; or
  2) ( )) [ ()]; 2) IN THE AREA OF (description or name) [BETWEEN (levels)];
  ) GNSS ( SBAS, GBAS)) [ GPS +GPS] ( ) [ () () ( )]; b) BASIC GNSS (or SBAS, or GBAS)) [BY GPS (or GLONASS or GLONASS+GPS) CONSTELLATION] UNAVAILABLE FOR (specify operation) [FROM (time) TO (time) (or UNTIL FURTHER NOTICE)];
  *) GNSS [ GPS +GPS] [- (, RAIM RAIM) ( )]; *c) BASIC GNSS [BY GPS or GLONASS or GLONASS+GPS CONSTELLATION] UNAVAILABLE [DUE TO (reason, e.g. LOSS OF RAIM or RAIM ALERT) (or ANOMALY)];
  *) GBAS ( SBAS) [ GPS +GPS] . *d) GBAS (or SBAS) [BY GPS or GLONASS or GLONASS+GPS CONSTELLATION] UNAVAILABLE.
  * , . * Denotes pilot transmission.
1.1.14 RNP ( ) ( RNAV) ( RNP ( ) ( RNAV) [- (, RAIM RAIM)]. UNABLE RNP (specify type) (or RNAV) [DUE TO (reason, e.g. LOSS of RAIM or RAIM ALERT)].
1.2
1.2.1 ) ( ) ( ); a) (name of unit) CLEARS (aircraft call sign);
  ) ( ) ; b) (aircraft call sign) CLEARED TO;
  ) ( ) [ ]; c) RECLEARED (amended clearance details) [REST OF CLEARANCE UNCHANGED];
  ) ( ) ( ) ( ]; d) RECLEARED (amended route portion) TO (significant point of original route) [REST OF CLEARANCE UNCHANGED];
  ) ( ) [ ( )] () [ ()]; e) ENTER CONTROLLED AIRSPACE (or CONTROL ZONE) [VIA (significant point or route)] AT (level) [AT (time)];
  ) ( ) [ ( )] () ( , ); f) LEAVE CONTROLLED AIRSPACE (or CONTROL ZONE) [VIA (significant point or route)] AT (level) (or CLIMBING, or DESCENDING);
  ) () ( ) () [ ()]. g) JOIN (specify) AT (significant point) AT (level) [AT (time)].
1.2.2 ) () (); a) FROM (location) TO (location);
  ) (), : b) TO (location), followed as necessary by:
  1) ; 1) DIRECT;
  2) ( / ); 2) VIA (route and/or significant points);
  3) . 3) VIA FLIGHT PLANNED ROUTE;
  4) () DME () ( DME); 4) VIA(distance) DME ARC (direction) OF (name of DME station);
  ) () () [] () . c) (route) NOT AVAILABLE DUE (reason) ALTERNATTVE[S] IS/ARE (routes) ADVISE.
1.2.3 ) ( , ) () [ ( )]; a) MAINTAIN (level) [TO (significant point)];
  ) ( , ) () ( ); b) MAINTAIN (level) UNTIL PASSING (significant point);
  ) ( , ) () () ( ); c) MAINTAIN (level) UNTIL (minutes) AFTER PASSING (significant point);
  ) ( , ) () (); d) MAINTAIN (level) UNTIL (time);
  ) ( , ) () ( ); e) MAINTAIN (level) UNTIL ADVISED BY (name of unit);
  ) ( , ) () ; f) MAINTAIN (level) UNTTL FURTHER ADVISED;
  ) ( , ) () ; g) MAINTAIN (level) WHILE IN CONTROLLED AIRSPACE;
  ) ( , ) () (). h) MAINTAIN BLOCK (level) (level).
  "" "" " " . Note. - The term "MAINTAIN" is not to be used in lieu of "DESCEND" or "CLIMB" when instructing an aircraft to change level.
1.2.4 ) ( ) ( ) ( , ) (); a) CROSS (significant point) AT (or ABOVE, or BELOW) (level);
  ) ( ) ( ) () ( ) (); b) CROSS (significant point) AT (time) OR LATER (or BEFORE) AT (level);
  ) () ( ()); c) CRUISE CLIMB BETWEEN (levels) (or ABOVE (level));
  ) () () (GNSS DME) [()] ( DME) () [()] ( ) ( , ) (). d) CROSS (distance) KILOMETRES (MILES), (GNSS or DME) [(direction)] OF (name of DME station) OR (distance) [(direction)] OF (significant point) AT (or ABOVE or BELOW) (level).
1.2.5 *) (); *a) EMERGENCY DESCENT (intentions);
  ) , [ ] ( ) () (, , , , ..). b) ATTENTION ALL AIRCRAFT IN THE VICINITY OF [or AT] (significant point or location) EMERGENCY DESCENT IN PROGRESS FROM (level) (followed as necessary by specific instructions, clearances, traffic information, etc).
  * , . * Denotes pilot transmission.
1.2.6 ( ) (). EXPECT CLEARANCE (or type of clearance) AT (time).
1.2.7 , () ( ) () ( ) ( ) () () . UNABLE, TRAFFIC (direction) BOUND (type of aircraft) (level) ESTIMATED (or OVER) (significant point) AT (time) CALL SING (call sing) ADVISE INTENTIONS.
1.2.8 ) ( ) () [ ( )]; a) CROSS (significant point) AT (time) [OR LATER (or OR BEFORE)];
  ) ( ) ( ); b) ADVISE IF ABLE TO CROSS (significant point) AT (time or level);
  ) () [ ( )] [ ( )]; c) MAINTAIN MACH (number) [OR GREATER (or OR LESS)] [UNTIL (significant point)];
  ) (). d) DO NOT EXCEED MACH (number).
1.2.9 , (), ) ; a) ADVISE IF ABLE TO PROCEED PARALLEL OFFSET;
) () / () ( ) [ ] [ ( )] [ ( )]; b) PROCEED OFFSET (distance) RIGHT/LEFT OF (route) (track) [CENTRE LINE] [AT (significant point or time)] [UNTIL (significant point or time)];
  ) ( ). c) CANCEL OFFSET (instructions to rejoin cleared flight route or other information).
1.3. ,  
1.3.1 , ) [ ] ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) [( )]; a) [AFTER DEPARTURE] TURN RIGHT ( LEFT) HEADING (three digits) (or CONTINUE RUNWAY HEADING) (or TRACK EXTENDED CENTRE LINE) TO (level or significant point) [(other instructions as required)];
  ) ( , ) ( ) (); b) AFTER REACHING (or PASSING) (level or significant point) (instructions);
  ) ( ) ( ) () [ ( , , . .)]; c) TURN RIGHT (or LEFT) HEADING (three digits) TO (level) [TO INTERCEPT (track, route, airway, etc.)];
  ) ( ) []; d) (standard departure name and number) [DEPARTURE];
  ) ( ) [ ( )] ( ) ( ) ( ( )) [ ]; e) TRACK (three digits) DEGREES [MAGNETIC (or TRUE)] TO (or FROM) (significant point) UNTIL (time, or REACHING (fix or significant point or level)) [BEFORE PROCEEDING ON COURSE];
  ) (). f) CLEARED VIA (designation).
13.2 , ) ( ) (); a) CLEARED (or PROCEED) VIA (designation);
  ) ( ) (); b) CLEARED TO (clearance limit) VIA (designation);
  ) ( ) ( ); c) CLEARED (or PROCEED) VIA (details of route to be followed);
  ) ( ) [ ()]; d) CLEARED (type of approach) APPROACH [RUNWAY (number)];
  ) ( ) () (); e) CLEARED (type of approach) RUNWAY (number) FOLLOWED BY CIRCLING TO RUNWAY (number);
  ) [ ()]; f) CLEARED APPROACH [RUNWAY (number)];
  ) (); g) COMMENCE APPROACH AT (time);
  *) [( )] [ ()]; *h) REQUEST STRAIGHT-IN [(type of approach)] APPROACH [RUNWAY (number)];
  ) [( )] [ ()]; i) CLEARED STRAIGHT-IN [(type of approach)] APPROACH [RUNWAY (number)];
  ) , ; j) REPORT VISUAL;
  ) , [] ; k) REPORT RUNWAY [LIGHTS] IN SIGHT;
... *) ; *l) REQUEST VISUAL APPROACH;
) (); m) CLEARED VISUAL APPROACH RUNWAY (number);
... ) ( , ) (); n) ADVISE ABLE TO ACCEPT VISUAL APPROACH RUNWAY (number);
... , , ) (), ( ) ]; ) CLEARED VISUAL APPROACH RUNWAY (number), MAINTAIN OWN SEPARATION FROM PRECEDING (aircraft type and wake turbulence category as appropriate) [CAUTION WAKE TURBULENCE];
  ) ( ); [ ]; p) REPORT (significant point); [OUTBOUND, or INBOUND];
  ) ; q) REPORT COMMENCING PROCEDURE TURN;
  *) ; *r) REQUEST VMC DESCENT;
  ) ; s) MAINTAIN OWN SEPARATION;
  ) ; t) MAINTAIN VMC;
  ) (); u) ARE YOU FAMILIAR WITH (name) APPROACH PROCEDURE;
  *) ( ) [ ()]; *v) REQUST (type of approach) APPROACH [RUNWAY (number)];
  *) ( MLS/RNAV); *w) REQUEST (MLS/RNAV plain language designator);
  ) ( MLS/RNAV). x) CLEARED (MLS/RNAV plain language designator).
  * , . * Denotes pilot transmission.
1.3.3 , ) [] (), ( ( )); a) HOLD VISUAL [OVER] (position), (or BETWEEN (two prominent landmarks));
... ) ( ) ( , ) [ ( ) ()] [()] ( ) (); b) CLEARED (or PROCEED) TO (significant point, name of facility or fix) [MAINTAIN (or CLIMB or DESCEND TO) (level)] HOLD [(direction)] AS PUBLISHED EXPECT APPROACH (or FURTHER CLEARANCE) (time);
... *) ; *c) REQUEST HOLDING INSTRUCTIONS;
... ) ( ) ( , ) [ ( ) ()] [()] () , , ( ) ] [ ( ) ] [ () ] ( ) () ( , ); d) CLEARED (or PROCEED) TO (significant point, name of facility or fix) [MAINTAIN (or CLIMB or DESCEND TO) (level)] HOLD [(direction)] [(specified) RADIAL, COURSE, INBOUND TRACK (three digits) DEGREES] [RIGHT (or LEFT) HAND PATTERN] [OUTBOUND TIME (number) MINUTES] EXPECT APPROACH CLEARANCE (or FURTHER CLEARANCE) AT (time) (additional instructions, if necessary);
  ) ( ) () VOR () DME [ ( ) ()] [()] [ ( ) ] [ () ] ( ) () ( , ); e) CLEARED TO THE (three digits) RADIAL OF THE (name) VOR AT (distance) DME FIX [MAINTAIN (or CLIMB or DESCEND TO) (level)] HOLD [(direction)] [RIGHT (or LEFT) HAND PATTERN] [OUTBOUND TIME (number) MINUTES] EXPECT APPROACH CLEARANCE (or FURTHER CLEARANCE) AT (time) (additional instructions, if necessary);
  ) ( ) () VOR HA () DME () () DME [ ( ) ] ( ) () ( , ). f) CLEARED THE (three digits) RADIAL OF THE (name) VOR AT (distance) DME FIX [MAINTAIN (or CLIMB or DESCEND TO) (level)] HOLD BETWEEN (distance) AND (distance) DME [RIGHT (or LEFT) HAND PATTERN] EXPECT APPROACH CLEARANCE (or FURTHER CLEARANCE) AT (time) (additional instructions, if necessary).
  * , . * Denotes pilot transmission.
1.3.4 ) ; a) NO DELAY EXPECTED;
) (); b) EXPECTED APPROACH TIME (time);
) (); c) REVISED EXPECTED APPROACH TIME (time);
  ) (). d) DELAY NOT DETERMINED (reasons).
  ) () () ) EXPECT DELAY (time);
1.3.5 . SHOW LANDING LIGHTS.
1.3.6 ) ( ); a) ACKNOWLEDGE BY MOVING AILERONS (or RUDDER);
  ) ; b) ACKNOWLEDGE BY ROCKING WINGS;
  ) . c) ACKNOWLEDGE BY FLASHING LANDING LIGHTS.
1.3.7    
... *) [ ] ; *a) [aircraft location] REQUEST START UP;
  *) [ ] , ( ATIS); *b) [aircraft location] REQUEST START UP, INFORMATION (ATIS identification);
... ) ; c) START UP APPROVED;
  ) (); d) START UP AT (time);
  ) () (); e) EXPECT START UP AT (time);
  ) ; f) START UP AT OWN DISCRETION;
  ) () . g) EXPECT DEPARTURE (time) START UP AT OWN DISCRETION.
  * , . * Denotes pilot transmission.
1.3.8 . , ... / *) [ ] ; ) ; ) ( ); ) ; ) () (). * , . *a) [aircraft location] REQUEST PUSHBACK; b) PUSHBACK APPROVED; c) STAND BY; d) PUSHBACK AT OWN DISCRETION; e) EXPECT (number) MINUTES DELAY DUE (reason). * Denotes pilot transmission.
1.3.9 +) [ ] ( ) () (); +a) REQUEST TOW [company name] (aircraft type) FROM (location) TO (location);
... ) ( ); b) TOW APPROVED VIA (specific routing to be followed);
  ) ; c) HOLD POSITION;
  ) ( ). d) STAND BY.
  + " /". + Denotes transmission from aircraft/ tow vehicle combination.
1.3.10 / *) ; *a) REQUEST TIME CHECK;
  ) (); b) TIME (time);
... ATIS *) ; *c) REQUEST DEPARTURE INFORMATION;
  ) (), ( ) ( ), QNH ( QFE) () [( )], [] (), [ () ( ) ( RVR () ( )] [ ()]. d) RUNWAY (number), WIND (direction and speed (units) QNH (or QFE), (number) [(units)] TEMPERATURE [MINUS] (number), [VISIBILITY (distance) (units) (or RUNWAY VISUAL RANGE (or RVR) (distance) (units)] [TIME (time)].
  RVR , , / . Note. - If multiple visibility and RVR observations are available, those that represent the roll-out/stop end zone should be used for take-off.
  * , . * Denotes pilot transmission.
1.3.11 ... *) [ ] [ , ""] [ ] () []; *a) [aircraft type] [wake turbulence category if "heavy"] [aircraft location] REQUEST TAXI [intentions];
  *) [ ] [ , ""] [ ] ( ) ( ) () []; *b) [aircraft type] [wake turbulence category if "heavy"] [aircraft location] (flight rules) TO (aerodrome of destination) REQUEST TAXI [intentions];
  ) ( ) [] [ ()] [ () ( ())] [ ()]; c) TAXI TO HOLDING POINT [number] [RUNWAY (number)] [HOLD SHORT OF RUNWAY (number) (or CROSS RUNWAY (number))] [TIME (time)];
... *) [ ] [ , ""] ; *d) [aircraft type] [wake turbulence category if "heavy"] REQUEST DETAILED TAXI INSTRUCTIONS;
  ) ( ) [] [ ()] ( ) [ ()] [ () ( ())]; e) TAXI TO HOLDING POINT [(number)] [RUNWAY (number)] VIA (specific route to be followed) [TIME (time)] [HOLD SHORT OF RUNWAY (number) (or CROSS RUNWAY (number))];
... , ATIS ) ( ) [()] ( ) [ ()]; f) TAXI TO HOLDING POINT [(number)] (followed by aerodrome information as applicable) [TIME (time)];
  ) ( ) ( ) ( ); g) TAKE (or TURN) FIRST (or SECOND) LEFT (or RIGHT);
  ) () ( ); h) TAXI VIA (identification of taxiway);
  ) (

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