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, . , . , , , , , .

, , , . , (, ), - , . , () . , , , , , , , , . , , , .

, (, ), ( ). , .

, . , (.. ) . (.. ), , . , . , ( , ), , ( ).

, , . "", , , . , 1 . , , , 1 . (bit) - binary digit, .

: - , - . 0, - 1. . , , - . (binary encoding).

, (byte) 8 . , , , 1 256 (28). , . . . , . , , Koi8-R "" 11101101, "" - 11101001, - 00100000.

:

1 ( ) = 210 = 1024 ;

1 ( ) = 210 = 1024 ;

1 ( ) = 210 = 1024 .

, :

1 () = 1024 = 240 ,

1 () = 1024 = 250 .

, , .

, N . , , N : 2x = N. : x=log2N. N . . 1928 . . . : , N , x, , , , x, , l og2N.

N (2, 4, 8, 16 ..), " ". , ( , ).

1 64 x=log2N .

N x N x N x N x
  0,00000   4,08746   5,04439   5,61471
  1,00000   4,16993   5,08746   5,64386
  1,58496   4,24793   5,12928   5,67243
  2,00000   4,32193   5,16993   5,70044
  2,32193   4,39232   5,20945   5,72792
  2,58496   4,45943   5,24793   5,75489
  2,80735   4,52356   5,28540   5,78136
  3,00000   4,58496   5,32193   5,80735
  3,16993   4,64386   5,35755   5,83289
  3,32193   4,70044   5,39232   5,85798
  3,45943   4,75489   5,42626   5,88264
  3,58496   4,80735   5,45943   5,90689
  3,70044   4,85798   5,49185   5,93074
  3,80735   4,90689   5,52356   5,95420
  3,90689   4,95420   5,55459   5,97728
  4,00000   5,00000   5,58496   6,00000

, , (), , ( ), : x=log2N, N - ( , ). , ( ), 1 (21) ; - 2 (22); - 3 (23) .. 256 (28) 8 . , . 256 . ASCII. K , I : , x - .

, 100 ; - 35 , - 50 . , .

35 x 50 = 1750 . ( ):

1750 x 100 = 175000 .

175000 / 1024 = 170,8984 .

170,8984 / 1024 = 0,166893 .





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