, . , . , , , , , .
, , , . , (, ), - , . , () . , , , , , , , , . , , , .
, (, ), ( ). , .
, . , (.. ) . (.. ), , . , . , ( , ), , ( ).
, , . "", , , . , 1 . , , , 1 . (bit) - binary digit, .
: - , - . 0, - 1. . , , - . (binary encoding).
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, (byte) 8 . , , , 1 256 (28). , . . . , . , , Koi8-R "" 11101101, "" - 11101001, - 00100000.
:
1 ( ) = 210 = 1024 ;
1 ( ) = 210 = 1024 ;
1 ( ) = 210 = 1024 .
, :
1 () = 1024 = 240 ,
1 () = 1024 = 250 .
, , .
, N . , , N : 2x = N. : x=log2N. N . . 1928 . . . : , N , x, , , , x, , l og2N.
N (2, 4, 8, 16 ..), " ". , ( , ).
1 64 x=log2N .
N | x | N | x | N | x | N | x |
0,00000 | 4,08746 | 5,04439 | 5,61471 | ||||
1,00000 | 4,16993 | 5,08746 | 5,64386 | ||||
1,58496 | 4,24793 | 5,12928 | 5,67243 | ||||
2,00000 | 4,32193 | 5,16993 | 5,70044 | ||||
2,32193 | 4,39232 | 5,20945 | 5,72792 | ||||
2,58496 | 4,45943 | 5,24793 | 5,75489 | ||||
2,80735 | 4,52356 | 5,28540 | 5,78136 | ||||
3,00000 | 4,58496 | 5,32193 | 5,80735 | ||||
3,16993 | 4,64386 | 5,35755 | 5,83289 | ||||
3,32193 | 4,70044 | 5,39232 | 5,85798 | ||||
3,45943 | 4,75489 | 5,42626 | 5,88264 | ||||
3,58496 | 4,80735 | 5,45943 | 5,90689 | ||||
3,70044 | 4,85798 | 5,49185 | 5,93074 | ||||
3,80735 | 4,90689 | 5,52356 | 5,95420 | ||||
3,90689 | 4,95420 | 5,55459 | 5,97728 | ||||
4,00000 | 5,00000 | 5,58496 | 6,00000 |
, , (), , ( ), : x=log2N, N - ( , ). , ( ), 1 (21) ; - 2 (22); - 3 (23) .. 256 (28) 8 . , . 256 . ASCII. K , I : , x - .
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, 100 ; - 35 , - 50 . , .
35 x 50 = 1750 . ( ):
1750 x 100 = 175000 .
175000 / 1024 = 170,8984 .
170,8984 / 1024 = 0,166893 .