, , ( 1-18) , :
[(x2x1)~x3]+(x4 /x1);
ù(ùx1~(ùx2+x3))(x1x4);
(x1+ùx2)x3+(ùx3+ùx4)(ùx1+x3ùx4);
ù(x1+ù(x1x2x3+ùx3));
x1x2+ù(x2x3+x1+ùx2ùx3);
ù(x1ùx2)ù(x1ùx3+(x3x4));
x1ùx3+ù(x1ùx2+ùx1x3)+x2x3x4(x1+ùx1x2x3);
(x1Åx2)x3+(x1Åx3)x2;
(x1¯x2)/x3+(ùx2x3)¯x4;
ù((x1+ùx2+x3+x4)(x1+x2+x3+ùx4))+(x1x3x40).
((x2x1)~x3)Å(x4¯x1) :
{Ú, ù};
{Ù, ù};
{, 0};
{, ù};
{Å, 1, Ú};
{¯};
{/}.
. 3.1. , :
a b
c d
. 3.1.
3 , .
1, , .
( 01, 02, y01 ..):
f(x1, x2, x3) = Ú(0, 2, 3, 4);
f(x1, x2, x3) = Ú(0, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7);
f(x1, x2, x3, x4) = Ú(1, 4, 5, 6, 12, 13, 14).
̳
.3.2. , .
2 , .
:
x1x2+ùx1ùx3+x2x3+ùx2ùx3;
(x1+x2)(ùx1+ùx2)(x2+ùx3);
(x1+ùx3)(x2+x4)(x1+ùx3+ùx4);
x1+ùx2+x3;
x1+ùx2+ùx3x4;
(ùx1+x2)(ùx2+x3);
ùx1ùx2ùx1+ùx2ùx3ùx4;
x1(x2+ùx4)ùx2(x1+ùx3);
ùx2(x1+ùx2+x3+x4)ùx1ùx3(ùx2+x4)2x3(x1+x2)(ùx3+x4).
a b
d
. 3.2.
:
a
3.2
x1,x2 x3 | ||||
b
3.3
|
|
x1,x2 x3 | ||||
c
3.4
x1,x2 x3 | ||||
d
3.5
x1,x2 x3 | ||||
, :
a
3.6
x1,x2 x3x4 | ||||
b
3.7
x1,x2 x3x4 | ||||
c
3.8
x1,x2 x3x4 | ||||
d
3.9
x1,x2 x3x4 | ||||
-M , :
Ú(0, 2, 3, 6, 7, 10, 11, 12, 13, 15);
Ú(0, 2, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9, 10, 12, 14, 15);
Ú(2, 3, 5, 7, 8, 10, 11, 12, 13);
Ú(0, 2, 5, 7, 8, 10, 11, 13, 14, 15);
Ú(0, 2, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 13).
6 , , - , :
Ù(1, 4, 5, 8, 9, 14);
Ù(1, 3, 7, 11, 13);
Ù(0, 1, 4, 6, 9, 14, 15);
Ù(1, 3, 4, 6, 9, 12);
Ù(1, 3, 10, 11, 12, 14, 15).
6, 7, .
6 - .
7 - .
, 6 7 ( 9 10, ). , .
. 3.3. , , .
a b
. 3.3.
. 3.3. , , .
|
|
:
a
3.10
x1,x2 x3x4 | ||||
b
3.11
x1,x2 x3x4 | ||||
- , :
Ú(0, 2, 3, 6, 7, 10, 11, 12, 13), ´(8, 14, 15);
Ú(0, 2, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9, 10, 12, 14), ´(7, 11, 15);
Ú(2, 3, 5, 8, 10, 11, 12, 13), ´(1, 7, 9);
Ú(2, 5, 8, 10, 11, 14, 15), ´(0, 7, 13).
15 , , - , :
Ù(1, 4, 5, 9), ´(8, 14, 15);
Ù(1, 3, 13), ´(7, 11, 15);
Ù(0, 4, 6, 14, 15), ´(1, 7, 9);
Ù(1, 3, 4, 6, 9, 12), ´(0, 7, 13).
15 - .
16 - .
, 15 16 ( 17 18, ). , ' , .
P(x) = 8 Q(x) = . ' :
"xP(x);
$xP(x);
"xQ(x);
$xù(Q(x));
"xù(Q(x));
"x(P(x)Q(x));
"x(Q(x)P(x));
$x(Q(x)P(x)).
. R(x, y) = , S(x, y) = , ,Î. ' :
"x$yR(x, y);
$x$yù(S(x, y));
"x"y(R(x, y)ù(S(x, y)));
"x"y(R(x, y)ÚS(x, y)).
P(x) = - Q(x) = , R(x, y) = y. :
$x(P(x)ÙQ(x))Ù`$x(P(x)ÙQ(x)Ù$y(R(x, y)ÙP(y)ÙQ(y))).
:
, , ;
;
' ;
;
, , .
G = (V, E) V, P(x, e, y) = ' , (x, e, y), , ÎV Î ( , y ). , :
ϳ , ;
ϳ , ;
ϳ , ;
ϳ , ' b.
³ 5 , , , 㳿 , :
|
|
$x, y(x¹yÙP(x, e, y)Ùù(P(y, e, x)));
$x(P(x, e, x));
$x, y(x¹yÙP(x, e, y)Ù(P(y, e, x))).