Extract 1
We use a PC for writing letters, for playing games, to calculate our bills, and to connect with the Internet. Extract 2
We've got electronic checkout tills with barcode readers. They read a special barcode on almost everything we sell. They calculate the bill for the customer. At the same time they send information to a larger computer, so we always know exactly what we've got in the store.
Extract 3
We make washing machines and refrigerators. The machines we use to make them are controlled by computers. We also use computers to calculate our wages, to keep the accounts, and to look after all materials and parts.
Extract 4
Our terminal links to airline offices. If you want to fly anywhere in the world, we can tell you at once if there's a seat on the flight you want. We can supply you with the tickets and we can reserve your hotel - all by computer.
Listening
You are now going to hear a lecturer describing to students how computer may be useful to them.
Good morning! and welcome to the introductory course on computers. We take computing very seriously here and we encourage every student to acquire a basic knowledge of the subject. Could we have the first slide please? (slide-projector noises) Okay, let's have a look at Figure 1.
Well, you'll notice that I've drawn a computer in the centre, and radiating out from it are lines leading to some of the subjects that we teach here. Let's have a look at each one in turn.
First, Languages. Well, you'll be submitting quite a lot of written work and we encourage you to use a word processor. This is much like using a typewriter except it's more forgiving when you make a mistake. In fact, editing text can be quite enjoyable when you use word processor.
Secondly, History. Essays again, of course, but also we'll expect you to gain some familiarity with historical databases.
What about Engineering? Well, you must learn to use our Computer Aided Design software, both for producing technical drawing and for helping with the design process generally.
Financial packages are very important for Business Studies. But also, we set great store by the use of simulations. Uh, you can think of these in your case, as computerised business games where a group of you manage the finances and so on of an imaginary company. You'll also need to know about databases and spreadsheets. A spreadsheet, by the way, is a sort of supercalculator, except you can enter formulae as well as numbers its ideal for financial planning.
Social scientists you'll find yourselves using the computer to analyse the results of surveys, and there are several statistical packages designed for this purpose.
Scientists in general are likely to want to learn programming. Sometimes you'll be able to buy software off the shelf, but very often you'll have your own requirements and then you'll have to program the computer yourself. Then youll have your own requirement and then youll have to program the computer yourself.
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Last, but not least Computer Science... If you're studying to be a computer scientist then you need some familiarity with all the things I've just mentioned. In addition, you'll have to learn in detail about things like operating systems and so on...
Well, that's all for this session but there's one application you're all likely to find useful, and that's Desk Top Publishing. For example, Figure 1 that you've been looking at, took me a few minutes to produce, using a desk top publishing package. The result's much neater than I could've achieved by hand.
Unit C. Computer Uses (2): Word Processing
Listening
The best way to learn about a word processor is to use it. However, I will briefly describe some of the main features.
You can use a word processor in any circumstances where you would otherwise use a typewriter. The two machines are very similar in function, although the word processor has many advantages that are not matched by a conventional typewriter. The most obvious difference is the ease of correcting mistakes. As the text is not printed as it is entered, corrections can be made at any time. Printing is carried out when the document is to your satisfaction.
When using a typewriter, it is necessary to press the carriage return key at the end of each line of text. A word processor carries out this function automatically; it is known as word-wrap. As a new line is started, the spacing of the text on the last line is adjusted so that the left and the right hand edges line up. This is known as justification and gives a professional appearance to the text. In most word processors, justification can be switched off to give the text a ragged right-hand margin. On a word processor, the carriage return key is often referred to as the return or enter key. It is used to start a new line of text, for example the beginning of a paragraph.
Word processors make use of a cursor. This is usually a small flashing line or block and indicates the point at which text will be entered on the screen. Most keyboards have a group of four keys marked with arrows, each pointing in one of the following directions: left, right, up, down. These are known as the cursor keys and as the name suggests are used for moving the cursor around the text for editing purposes.
Cursor editing usually applies to the manipulation of smaller blocks of text, say a maximum of one line, and consists of inserting, deleting and replacing text. For example, to correct a spelling mistake, first of all use the cursor to the right of the incorrect letter and delete it using the delete key. This key is usually found above the enter key and is marked with an arrow pointing to the left. The required replacement letter is then simply typed from the keyboard and the rest of the text in the paragraph will simply re-align itself.
Keys:
1 First Steps in IT English: Words, Notions, Measurements
Unit A Parts and Measurements
Vocabulary
a) 1-, 2-b, 3-d, 4-a, 5-c, 6-a, 7-b, 8-a, 9-b, 10-d
b) a-5 b-9 -7 d-10 e-3 f-2 g-1 h-4 i-6 j-8
c) a-3, b-5, c-9, d-1, e-10, f-2, g-6, h-4, i-8, j-7
d)
to process data
to control hardware
to watch movies
a binary digit
an operation system
to type letters
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to measure size
to play games
to run a program
a storage device
e)
Central Processing Unit
Random Access Memory
Read Only Memory
Hard Disk Drive
Digital Versatile Disk
f)
character letter
speed rate
device hardware
keep store
image picture
software program
storage memory
operate work
part component
computer machine
g)
1- run, 2- measure, 3-movies, CPU, 4-processes, 5-graphics, RAM
h)
1) CD-rewriter (abbr CD-RW)
2) device
3) drive
4) printer
5) keyboard
6) monitor
7) mouse
8) PC abbr personal computer
9) peripheral
10) tower
Unit B what is a computer
Vocabulary
a) 1-b 2-c 3-a 4-b 5-b 6-c 7-a 8-a 9-d 10-d
b) a-3, b-10, c-5, d-7, e-1, f-9, g-8, h-2, i-6, j-4
c) a-1, b-5, c-10, d-7, e-2, f-3, g-9, h-4, i-8, j-6
d)
to accept data
main memory
storage devices
optical drive
input devices
physical units
computer system
to process data
finished product
permanent storage
e) a-8 b-4 -10 d-2 e-9 f-5 g-7 h-1 i-6 j-3
Reading
b) a-3 b-8 -5 d-6 e-2 f-1 g-7 h-4 i-9
c) 1-process, 2-operate, 3-output, 4-type, 5-hardware, software
2 when you Turn on your Computer
Unit A desktop
Vocabulary
a) 1-d, 2-b, 3-b, 4-d, 5-c, 6-a, 7-c, 8-a, 9-c, 10-b
b) 1-e 2-h 3-b 4-g 5-j 6- 7-i 8-f 9-d 10-a
c) 1-f, 2-a, 3-h, 4-j, 5-b, 6-i, 7-g, 8-c, 9-d, 10-e
d) 1-d, 2-f, 3-j, 4-h, 5-a, 6-i, 7-g, 8-c, 9-e, 10-b
Reading
a)
1-c 2-d 3-b 4-a
b) 1-, 2+, 3+, 4-, 5-, 6+
c) 1- appears, 2- background, 3- double click, 4-folder, 5- main, 6-personalize
d) a-5, b-1, c-4, d-2, e-3
Unit B Graphics User Interface
Vocabulary
a) 1-b 2-c 3-b 4-b 5-a 6-a 7-d 8-c 9-c 10-d
b) 1-b, 2-g, 3-j, 4-a, 5-e, 6-i, 7-d, 8-f, 9-h, 10-c
c) 1-h, 2-b, 3-j, 4-c, 5-g, 6-e, 7-i, 8-a, 9-d, 10-f
d)
user interface
dialog box
scroll bar
tool bar
touch screen
drop-down menu
start button
compatible devices
task bar
resident program
e) 1-buttons, 2-taskbar, 3-touchscreen, 4-resident, 5-user interface, 6-allows, 7-Start button, 8-choosing, 9-represent, 10-to hover
Speaking
b) 1-b, 2-f, 3-i, 4-a, 5-k, 6-h
Solve Anagrams
1-interactive 2-location, 3-pointer, 4- toolbar, 5-clipboard, 6- available, 7- interface, 8-search, 9- select, 10- compatible
3 The Very First Contacts with your Computer
Unit A Keys and Buttons
Vocabulary
a) 1-b, 2-a, 3-a, 4-b, 5-c, 6-c, 7- d, 8-d, 9-c, 10-a
b) 1-c, 2-j, 3-a, 4-g, 5-b, 6-d, 7-f, 8-e, 9-i, 10-h.
c) a-3, b-8, -6, d-1, e-10, f-4, g-9, h-7, i-5, j-2
d) 1) capital letter, 2) brief description, 3) word processing, 4) keyboard layout, 5) to access data, 6) application program, 7) to cancel an instruction, 8) to sign a document, 9) alternative character, 10) blank space
Reading
a) 1- Space Bar, 2- Return/Enter, 3- Escape, 4- Alt, 5- Delete, 6- Shift, 7- Caps Lock, 8- Tab, 9- Arrow Keys, 10-Backspace
Listening
b)
a-the main keyboard, b-the function keys, c-the editing keys, d-the numeric keypad
d)
1- This key moves the cursor up.
2- This key moves the cursor to the left.
3- This key deletes a character.
4-+
5-+
6- This key brings you to the beginning of the line.
7- This key gives you all upper case letters.
Reading
c)1- modern, 2- each, 3- alphabetical, 4- together,5- these,6- six,7- caused,8- hit, 9- most-used, 10- down
d) 1-c, 2-a, 3-b, 4-b, 5-c.
Unit B Creating, Saving and Storing Files
Vocabulary
a) 1-b 2-c 3-a 4-a 5-c 6-d 7-d 8-b 9-a 10-d
b) 1-d, 2-h,3-j,4-a,5-c, 6-i, 7-b,8-g,9-,10-f
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c) 1-e 2-d 3-b 4-a 5-i 6-c 7-h 8-f 9-g
d) 1- C: drive icon, 2- drop-down, 3- cursor, 4-pointer, 5-maximize, 6- restore
Reading
c) a-5 b-2 c-3 d-4
d) 1-c 2-d 3-a 4-b
e) 1+, 2+, 3 -, 4+, 5 -, 6+, 7+, 8+
f) 1-existing, 2-digital, 3-untitled, 4-Save in, 5-default, 6-Save as type
4 History and generations of Computers
Unit A. Development of Computing
Vocabulary
a) a 1; b 2; c 3; d 4; e 3; f 1; g 1; h 3; i 2; j 2.
b) a 7 b 1 c 10 d 5 e 3 f 9 g 4 h 8 i 6 j 2
c) to click on (button)
(graphics, users) interface
to perform (a program, function)
to develop (a program, an application)
to set up (a program)
(double) click
d)
a-memory, processor
b-develop
c-microchip
d-click
Reading
c) 1 c, 2 e, 3 f, 4 a, 5 g, 6 d, 7 b.
e)
Four.
2) over 70,000,000.
3) Xerox Corporation.
4) Apple.
5) These are systems in which users type in commands to perform a function.
6) Digital Research disk operating system.
7) c.
8) Microchips in washing-machines and cars; books may not be published in paper form; information available world-wide.
f)
| international contested errors paid for buy first recommendation improved | world-wide challenged mistakes funded purchase initial endorsement upgraded |
Unit B. History of Computers
1 Vocabulary
a) a 4; b 1; c 2; d 3; e 3; f 3; g 2.
b) a 6, b 10, c 7, d 1, e 3, f 9, g 2, h 8, i 5, j 4
c)
to solve (problems)
a digital (computer)
(vacuum) tube
addition and (subtraction)
(division) and multiplication
Reading
c)
1 (False). The slide rule is a modern invention.
2 (True).
3 (True).
4 (True).
5 (False). Instructions which are not being executed are usually kept in secondary memory.
6 (False). The use of transistors increased the speed at which calculations were done.
7 (True)
8 (true)
9 (False) Computer ethnology is constantly developing and at a very fast rate.
d) Device, devised, a great deal, mistakes, figure out.
e) Modern, several, cut out, predecessors, obsolete
f)
1- c 6 - g
2 - j 7 - e
3 - h 8 - i
4 - f 9 - a
5 - b 10 - d
g)
| Time Primitive times Later 17th and 18th centuries 1830 1930. now Future | Event Ten fingers of a means hand Abacus invented J. Napier devised mechanical way of multiplying and dividing. Henry Briggs produced logarithm. Newton and Leibnitz invented Calculus. The first calculating machine appeared. Charles Babbage designed The Analytical Engine. The first analog computer was built by Bush. The first digital computer was completed. First use of vacuum tubes in digital computers. Newmann developed ideas of keeping instructions inside memory First-generation computers using vacuum tubes Second-generation computers using transistors Third-generation computers using controlled by tiny integrated circuits Fourth-generation computers reduced in size microminiaturization by means of chips. Todays computers will be obsolete |
5 Computer Types and Uses
Unit A. Kinds of Computers
Vocabulary
a) 1-b, 2-c, 3-a, 4-c, 5-a, 6-b, 7-d, 8-a, 9-b, 10-c
b) 1-c, 2-j, 3- a, 4-f, 5-h, 6-b, 7-i, 8-d, 9-e, 10-g
) 1-g, 2-b, 3-j, 4-d, 5-c, 6-i, 7-a, 8-f, 9-h, 10-e
Comparing Computer Types
d)
1 lighter, heavier
2 largest, larger
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3 more common, better
4 less powerful, less expensive
5 faster, cheaper
6 more expensive, powerful
f)
1 largest, 2 the most powerful, 3 smaller, 4 most common, 5 less powerful,
6 smaller, 7 largest, 8 small, 9 smaller, 10 small/smallest
Listening
a)
a desktop PC, b minicomputer, c laptop, d mainframe, e handheld
b) 1-b 2-b 3-a 4-b 5-a
Listening
A)
1) The customer wants a computer for:
[v] writing
[ ] graphics
[v] games
[v] Internet
[ ] video
2) A multimedia computer provides:
[v] sound
[v] graphics
[v] animation
[ ] telephone
[v] video
B)
| A | B | Device |
| multimedia computer | ||
| v | multimedia notebook | |
| v | subnotebook | |
| laptop | ||
| v | handheld | |
| printer | ||
| monitor | ||
| v | modem |
Portable Computers
Vocabulary
a) 1-b, 2-a, 3-b, 4-a, 5-c,6-b, 7-d, 8-a, 9-c, 10-d
b) 1-i 2-f 3-b 4-j 5-a 6- 7-g 8-d 9-h 10-e
) 1-c, 2-d, 3-j, 4- h, 5-a, 6-f, 7-g, 8-i, 9-b, 10-e
Reading
a) a-7 b-6 c-1 d-5 e-2 f-4 g-3
c)
1 F
2 F (it has been in development for 20 years according to the text)
3 T
4 T
5 (you could argue that, because the text says it happens after 1/3 second, a fortiori this will be true after 1/2 second)
6 T
7 F
8 F
d)
1 figure out
2 marketed
3 coating
4 coordinates
5 smoothing
6 smoothing
7 crooked
8 errant
9 flick
10 quirk
Listening
a)
1-T
2-F Palmtops have a small keyboard a stylus or pen to interact with a touch-sensitive screen.
3-F They usually run Palm OS, from Palm Computing or Pocket PC OS.
4-T
5-T
6-F They can transfer information to printers and PCs via cables or infrared link. The software lets you synchronize documents with your desktop PC.
7-T
b)
1 palmtops
2 handheld
3 digital
4 keyboards
5 screens
6 pen
7 systems
8 recognize
9 information
10 modem
Unit B. Computer Uses (1)
b) 1-e, 2-h, 3-a, 4-d, 5-g, 6-b, 7-i, 8-c, 9-j, 10-f
c) 1-d 2-j 3-f 4-a 5-g 6-e 7-h 8-b 9-i 10-
Writing
a) 1-d, 2-a, 3-c, 4-a, 5-c, 6-d, 7-b, 8-b.
b) 1 calculate the bill, 2 control machines, 3 hospitals, 4 controls our money, 5 provide entertainment and information.
Listening
b)
| Social Science | History | Engineering | Computer Science | Languages | Business Studies | General Sciences | |
| programming | X | X | |||||
| word processing | X | X | |||||
| database | X | X | X | ||||
| spreadsheet | X | X | |||||
| DTP | X | X | X | X | X | X | X |
| statistics | X | X | |||||
| financial software | X | X | |||||
| CAD | X | X | |||||
| simulations | X | X | |||||
| operating systems | X |
Unit C. Computer Uses (2): Word Processing
Vocabulary
a) 1-c, 2-b, 3-a, 4-c, 5-b, 6-a, 7-a, 8-c, 9-d, 10-d
b) 1-c, 2-h, 3-e, 4-f, 5-a, 6-b,7-i, 8-f, 9-g, 10-d
c) 1-h, 2-a, 3-e, 4-f, 5-e, 6-c, 7-i, 8-d, 9-g, 10-b
d) important significant
to divide to split
to report to notify
evidence proof
to hit to strike
f) 1-manual, 2-coding system, 3-text editor, 4-ASCII, 5-features, 6-word processor
Reading
b) 1- WYSIWYG, 2-justification, 3- font menu, 4- type style, 5- format, 6- mail merging, 7- indent
c) 1-b, 2-f, 3-a, 4-d, 5-c, 6-e
d) 1 upper case, 2 lower case, 3 plain text, 4 bold, 5 italic, 6 bold italic, 7 underline, 8 strikethrough, 9 outline, 10 shadow
Unit D. Computer Uses (3): Machine Translation
1 Vocabulary
a) 1-b, 2-c, 3-c, 4-c, 5-a, 6-a, 7-b, 8-b, 9-d, 10-d
b) 1-e, 2-h, 3-b, 4-a, 5-j, 6-g, 7-c, 8-b, 9-i, 10-d
c) 1-d, 2-j, 3-h, 4-a, 5-b, 6-i, 7-f, 8-c, 9-e, 10-g
A
a number of ,
able
above ,
accept
access ;
accessible
according to ,
account
achieve
achievement
adapt
add ,
addition ,
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adjust ,
adjustment ,
advantage
advantageous ,
advertise
advertisement (ad)
advice
advisable
advise
affect
affection
age ,
allow
alternate
alternative
amount
appear
application , ,
apply , (., )
appoint
appointment
approach , ;
appropriate ,
approximate
approximately
approximation
arrange ,
arrangement ,
arrow ,
artificial intelligence (AI)
assess
assessment
attach
attachment ,
available ,
B
background picture ,
bar ,
barcode
barcode reader
base on/upon
basic
be referred ,
be/get familiar with /
below ,
between
bill
bit (binary digit)
blank ,
blank space
bold ( )
boot up
bottom ,
box ,
brief
broad
broadly speaking ,
button ;
by means of ,
byte
C
cabinet ( , )
calculate
calculation
calculus
call ,
cancel
capital ; ;
carry
carry out ,
case
cause ; ,
challenge ,
change ;
character ; ,
charge ;
cheap
chip ,
choice
choose (chose, chosen)
circuit ,
claim
click
clip
clipboard ;
colour\color
combination
combine
common ,
compatible
complete , ;
compose ,
composition
compute
computer
conductor
confirm
confirmation
connect
connection ,
consist of
contain
control
control panel
conversion ,
convert
correspond (with, to) -
corresponding
cost ;
count
countable
courage
CPU central processing unit
current , ;
currently
cursor ,
custom
customer
customize ,
customs
cut
D
data (. . )
database
date
decide
decision
decrease
deep
deepen
default
define
definition
delete
depend on
dependable
dependence
dependent
depth
describe
description
design ,
designer
desktop ;
desktop publishing
develop ,
developer
development ,
device
dialog box
diary ,
differ
difference ,
different ,
digit
digital
disadvantage
display ,
distinct
distinction
distinctive
divide
division ,
do sums
double-click
drive ; ,
drop-down ( )
due to -,
DVD Digital Versatile Disk
E
easy
edit
edition , ,
editor
enable ,
encourage ,
enormous
enormously
entertain
entertainment
entire ,
entirely
entirety
entry , , (, )
equip ,
equipment , ,
evaluate
evaluation
exact
exactly
except
except for
exception
execute
exist
existence
expect
expectation
expensive
exploit ,
extract
F
facility ,
familiar
familiarity
fashion
fashionable
fast
feature ,
feed (fed) ,
figure ; ;
figure out
file ,
fit
fix ,
flash on/off , /
flight ,
flight reservation ,
floppy disk drive
folder
follow
following
font
for example
forget (forgot, forgotten)
forgive (forgave, forgiven)
free of charge
fulfill ,
fulfillment -
G
gadget
general
generally
graphics
graphics interface
handheld
handle , ; , ,
hard drive
hardware
heavy
hertz
hide (hid, hidden) ,
highlight
highlighted
hold (held)
hold down
hover
icon ,
image
imaginary
imagination
imagine ,
immediate
immediately
improve
improvement ,
in addition ,
in order to
inch
include
increase
independence
independent
in-depth ,
influence ;
influential
initial
initially
input ;
insert
instant
instantly
instead of
integrated circuit
intellectual ,
intelligence ,
interact
interaction
interactive ,
interface
introduce , ,
introduction , ,
introductory
invent
invention
inventor -
investigate ,
investigation ,
invitation
invite
involve ,
issue
It suits me fine. /.
italics
item ,
K
keep (kept, kept) ,
key ; ;
keyboard
kind ;
lap
laptop ,
launch
layout ,
left
let
letter ;
light ;
like , ;
line ,
link , ,
list ;
locate ;
location ;
lock ; ,
lose (lost)
M
main
main memory
mainframe ; ;
make ;
make a decision
make an appointment with ,
make up
make-up , ;
margin
means (. . .)
measure ;
measurement
medicine ,
memo (memorandum)
memory
menu
microchip
microcomputer
minicomputer
monitor ,
mouse
move ,
movement
multiplication
multiply
multi-tasking
N
neat ,
network
next
next to ,
notification
notify ,
number ,
O
obvious
offer ;
off-the-shelf
old-fashioned
operate
operation ,
option ,
optional ,
order , , , , ; , ,
ordinary
OS operating /operation system
outline ,
output ;
P
package ,
palm
palmtop ,
part ,
paste ,
patient ;
pattern , ,
perform ,
performance , ,
peripherals
permanent
person
personalize ,
pick up ,
picture
pixel (picture element)
plain , ,
plug ,
point ;
pointer
power , ,
powerful -
prefer
preferable
preference
preparation
prepare ()
press ,
pressure
previous
primary
printer ,
process ;
processor
produce
production
program ;
programmer
pronounce
pronunciation
proof ,
proof-read
proposal
propose
prove
provide ,
put
R
RAM Random Access Memory
range ;
rate ,
recharge
rechargeable
recognition ,
recognize ,
record ;
recover , ,
recovery , ,
recycle bin
refer ,
reference ,
reference book
relate
related ,
relation
relative ;
release
remain
remind
reminder
remove ,
represent
require
requirement
research ;
reside ,
resident
restore
retrieval
retrieve
reverse ,
right ,
ROM Read Only Memory
row
run ; ,
S
sale
salesperson
same
save ,
schedule
scheduler
screen
screen saver
scroll bar
search ;
select
sell (sold, sold)
semiconductor
set , ;
set-up
shadow
shape ;
share , ,
shift ;
show ;
sign ;
signature
significance ,
significant ,
silicon chip
similar
simultaneous
simultaneously
single
size
socket ,
software
solution ;
solve ;
solve a problem ,
sophisticated ,
space , ,
speed
spell
spelling
split ,
spreadsheet
staff ,
state , , ;
statement
step ;
storage ,
storage device ,
store
strike
strike through
subject ;
substitute ,
substitution ,
subtract
subtraction
suit ;
suitable
suite ; -
sum
sum up
superior
survey
switch ;
switch on/off/from //
T
table ;
take medicine
task ,
task bar
tax
template
tiny
title bar
tongue
tool bar
top ,
touch
touch pad ()
touch screen
tower ,
trace
trace back
transistor
transmission
transmit
turn on\off /
type ; ,
typeface
U
uncountable
undo
unit ,
user interface
vacuum tube
valuable
value ,
variant
various
vary
W
wage
within
word processing
word processor
[1],
[2]
[3] ,
[4]
[5] , ,
[6] (),
[7] , -
[8]
[9]
[10]
[11]
[12]
[13] .. corpus ,
[14] ,
[15] ,
[16]
[17]
[18] ,
[19]
[20]
[21] ,
[22]
[23]
