, .
, . :
Q+ Q+ Q+ Q = Q, (2.1)
Q=Q, - Q,; Q=Q,Q,; Q=Q, Q,; Q=Q, Q,.
Q, Q, - ; Q, Q, - , ; Q, Q, - - ; Q, Q, - - ; Q - , ( , ).
, . :
1. Q, Q,
Q = c × T × W, (2.2)
c - ; W- . , c (/×, /×, /3×).
:
, = (2.3)
cp,j Wj - j - .
:
,j = j + bj + cj2 + c'j-2 + dj3. (2.4)
j - (. 1).
.
Q (. 2).
2. Q :
Q = c , × W (T, - T ,), (2.5)
c, W - , T, T, - , .
(T , - T,)>0, Q , (T, - T ,)<0 - ;
Q =0 Q =0
Q = c , × W (T - T), (2.6)
c W - ;
Q = ×t× F×(T - T) = kto ×F×(T - T), (2.7)
l - , /××; d - , ; t - , ; F - , 2. kto = ×t - , /×2×.
3. Q :
|
|
Q = Sqj,Wj,, (2.8)
qj, - , /; Wj, - j - , , /.
qj, [2]. (, , , .) (Q,), (, , , ) (Q,.).
5. . 1
, (2.9)
D =Snj'cpj'-Snj''cpj''; nj - ; ' , '' - .
cp,j (2.4), - (2.10):
(2.10)
:
-qT = D0 + D(1-0) + (2.11)
D =Snj' j'- Snj'' j''; Db = Snj'b j'- Snj'' b j''; Dc = Snj'c j'- Snj'' c j'';
Dd = Snj'd j'- Snj'' d j''. Dc' =Snj'(c j')'- Snj''(c j'')''; T0=298K (2.12)
(2.12), (2.10) qT [1,c. 136-137] (. 1-3).
, ,
Q.T = qT × N,0×/n, (2.13)
n - .
STR ( ). - :
< - > < > ( ) < > ( );
;
;
- , . .
1
Q.T 100 1=1000 4 = + 22 4 = 0,70.
1. 1, (.2.1):
2.1.
- | nj' | nj" | b×103 | c×106 | c'×10-5 | d×109 | |
4 | 4,750 | 12,00 | 3,03 | -2,63 | |||
4,100 | 1,02 | -2,10 | |||||
2 | 6,952 | -0,4576 | 0,9563 | -0,2079 |
2. (2.12):
D = 2×6,952+4,11-4,750= 13,264; Db= 2*(-0,4576)+1,02-12,0 =11,8952×10-3;
Dc=-1,1174×10-6; Dc'=-2,10×105; Dd=2,2142×10-9;
(2.10) q298=74955 (/ ).
(2.11), :
q1000= 74955 + 14986,6= 89941,6 (/ ).
3. nH4 = 1, CH4=0,70, NCH4,0=100 (2.13), :
|
|
Q1000 = 89941,6 × 100 ×0,70 = 6295906,065 ().
2
SO2 + 0,5O2 Û SO3+qxpT0; V0 = 25000 3/; : nSO2- 0,09; nO2 0,11; nN2 0,80. SO2=0,88; T=4500. - 5% . , :
1. ( k=0,03 /2**; =14 ˚):
F, .=450 ˚;
., (F=100 2).
2. :
F;
3. :
.
:
2.3
- | ni,0 | ni | ט'j | ט''j | A | b 10-3 | c 10-6 | c' 105 | d 10-9 | ΔH298 | p /* | |
/ | 693 | 723 | ||||||||||
SO2 | 0,2 | 0,021978022 | 6,157 | 13,84 | -9,103 | 2,057 | -70960 | 10,894 | 10,975 | |||
O2 | 0,1 | 0,010989011 | 0,5 | 8,643 | 0,202 | -1,03 | 7,402 | 7,435 | ||||
SO3 | 0,1 | 0,307692308 | 13,7 | 6,42 | -3,12 | -94450 | 13,86 | 13,965 | ||||
N2 | 0,6 | 0,659340659 | 6,903 | -0,375 | 1,93 | -0,686 | 7,102 | 7,12 |
1. .2.3 :
: | p= 10,89×0,2+7,402×0,1+13,86×0,1+7,102×0,6= | 8,5662 | /× |
/×: p=8,5662×4,186= 35,8581132 /×
2. Q . = 35,8581132×2941,176471×1000×693 = 73087271905 /
3. (2.11) 693 :
Δ= | 3,2215 | Δ(1-0)= | 1272,4925 | Δ= -23490 /= 4,186*-23490= -98329,1 / | q 693 x.p.= 22376,2631 / = 4,186 × 22376,2631= 93667,0371 / |
Δb= | -0,007521 | Δb/2(T12-T02)= | -1472,028923 | ||
Δc= | 0,000009103 | Δc/3(T13-T03)= | 929,5648761 | ||
Δc'= | -260500 | Δc'*(1/T1-1/T0)= | 498,2591979 | ||
Δd= | - 2×10-9 | Δd/4*(T14-T04)= | -114,5507054 |
4. (2.13)
Q693 x.p.= q693 x.p×NSO2×XSO2=93667,0371×588,2352941×1000×0,9 = 49588431429 /
, .
5. :
Q.= 73087271905+ 49588431429 = 122676000000 /
6. :
Q.= Q×0,05 = 122676000000×0,05 = 6133785167 /;
450˚:
p=10,975×0,021978022+7,435×0,010989011+13,965× 0,307692308+7,12×0,659340659=9,31434066 /× = 9,31434066×4,186 = 38,98983 /×;
Q .= 9,31434066×2676,47059×1000×723 = 18024000 / = 75448761329 /.
Q :
Q,/ | Q,/ | |||
Q .. | 73087271,9 | 75448761,33 | ko, /2××= | 0,03 |
Q .. | 49588431,43 | ,, = | ||
Q . | 6133785,167 | , = | ||
122675703,3 | 81582546,5 |
Q = ΔQ = Q - Q = 122675703,3 - 81582546,5 = 41093156,84 /
ΔQ = Q = F× k(T-Tx) F:
|
|
F=Q/(k(T-Tx)) = 41093156,84 /(0,03×3600 ×(723-287)) = 872,6885159 2
:
Q,/ | Q,/ | |
Q .. | 73087271,9 | 75448761,33 |
Q .. | 49588431,43 | |
Q . | 6133785,167 | |
Q | 41093156,84 | |
122675703,3 | 122675703,3 |
(F =100 2) :
Q=kF(T-T);
Q=Q-Q=c,×N×T-Q.
c,×N×T-Q=kF(T-T);
c,×N×T-Q=kFT-kFT;
=(Q-kFT)/(C,N-kF)=(122675703,3-0,03×3600×100×287)/ (38,98983×2676,47-0,03×3600×100) = 1278,13514 .
=
Q :
Q,/ | Q,/ | |
Q.. | 73087271,9 | |
Q.. | 49588431,43 | |
Q. | 6133785,167 | |
122675703,3 |
Q= 72324241117- 122675703,3 = 72201565414 /
F=Q/(k(T-T))= 72201565414 / (0,03*3600(723-287)) = 1533332,599 2
:
Q,/ | Q,/ | |
Q.. | 73087271,9 | |
Q.. | 49588431,43 | |
Q. | 6133785,167 | |
Q | -72201565414 | |
122675703,3 | 122675703,3 |
Q=0
Q.. :
Q,/ | Q,/ | |
Q.. | 73087271,9 | ? |
Q.. | 49588431,43 | |
Q. | 6133785,167 | |
Q | ||
122675703,3 | 6133785,167 |
Q..= Q - Q. = 122675703,3 - 6133785,167 = 116541918,2 /.
=Q../c*N.
:
c,=(35,8581132+38,98983) / 2 = 37,4239716 /×,
= 116541918,2 / (37,4299716 × 2676,4706) = 1163,509173 .