: (. 6.1) , .
6.1 1
V=1200 3/;
p1=1,4
=1 /3
t1=40
ρ = 1,26 /3; , p = 300 ; = 20 /3; : = 6,9×10-3, χ = 0,67.
, , . - (. 6.1).
. 6.1. : 1 ; 2 ; 3 ; 4 ; 5 .
1, , 4, 2, , 3, . 5 , . η = 96÷98% 1÷2 ( 0,01 ) 0,05 100 /3. 100÷150 /. . , .. . , (/1000 3 ):
=∆+* V/ V, (6.1)
Δ , ; , ; V V , , 3/.
:
η= 1−−⋅ χ , (6.2)
χ − , - .
η, N , - , η :
N = ln* 1/(1 − η), (6.3)
(6.2) (6.3) , :
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N=⋅χ, (6.4)
, .
1. η :
η=(− )/ , (6.5)
, /3; , /3.
η=(1000-20)/1000=0,98
2. (6.3) .
N = ln1/(1-0,98)=3,912
3. (6.4) , .
=χ√N/=0,67√3,912/6,9*10-3=12875/10003.
4. Δ :
∆=−*m, (6.6)
m , m = 0,0012 3/3.
∆= 12875-300*0,0012=-237125.
5. ρ1, /3:
ρ 1=ρ 0*(273(101,3-p1)/((273+ t 1)101,3)), (6.7)
ρ 1=1,26*(273*(101,3-1,4)/(273+40)*101,3)=1,083/3.
6. , V1, 3/:
V1=V0* ρ0/ ρ1, (6.8)
V1=1200*1,26/1,083=13963/.
7. , /:
= V1*m, (6.9)
=1396*0,0012=1,675/.
8. t2,, :
t2 = (0,133 0,041m) t1+ 35, (6.10)
t2 =(0,133-0,041*0,0012)*40+35=40,32.
10. ρ2, /3:
ρ2= ρ0*(273(101,3-p1-∆ p)/(273+ t2)101,3), (6.11)
ρ2=1,26*(273(101,3-1,083+237125)/(273+40,32)*101,3=2571/3.
11. V2, 3/:
V2=V0* ρ0/ ρ2, (6.12)
V2=1200*1,26/2571=0,5883/.
12. -D, :
D=1,13*√ V2/ω, (6.13)
ω - ( 2,5 /).
D=1,13*√0,588/2,5=0,548.
13. - , :
= 2,5D, (6.14)
= 2,5*0,548=1,096.
14. - ∆, :
∆= ξ *(ω2* ρ2/2), (6.15)
ξ - ( ξ = 30÷33).
∆=30*(2,52*2571/2)=241031.
15. ∆, :
∆p=∆p-∆p, (6.16)
∆p=-237125-241031=-478156.
16. , , ξ:
ξ=0,63* ξ*(/* ρ/ ρ)-0,3, (6.17)
ξ (ξ = 0,12÷0,15); , /.
ξ=0,63*0,12*(1,675/?*?/?)-0,3=
17. ω2, /:
ω2=√2∆p/(ξ ρ2+ ξ ρ m), (6.18)
ω2=√2*-478156/(0,12*2571+?*?*0,0012)= /.
18. d, :
d = 1,13√(V 2/ ω2), (6.19)
d = 1,13√(0,588/?)= .
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.
: (. 7.1) , 25×25×3 ,
1
L=2800/;
Q=1200 3/;
=4% (.);
, =0,96;
: 1) = 293 ; 2) = 0,4 /(2∙ × / ); 3) ψ = 1. : Y* = 1,68 .
. , , , . . 7.1.
. 7.1. : 1 ; 2 ; L ; G ; , ; Y, Y
[1]. , /:
= Q */((1- )22,4), (7.1)
Q , 3/ (. 7.1); , . (. 7.1); , . (. 7.1). , , = 0.
=1200*0,04*0,96/((1-0,04)*22,4)=2,143 /.
, , / :
=M⋅M /L, (7.2)
, = 18; L , / (. 7.1).
=2,143*18/2800=0,0138 / .
Y, / :
Y=/(1− ), (7.3)
Y=0,04/(1-0,04)=0,0417 / .
, Y, / :
Y = (1−)/(1- ), (7.4)
Y =0,04*(1-0,96)/(1-0,04)=0,0017 / .
ΔY, / :
ΔY = Y Y*, (7.5)
Y* , :
Y* = 1,68 , (7.6)
Y* = 1,68*0,0138=0,0232 / .
ΔY =0,0416-0,0232=0,0185 / .
ΔY, / :
ΔY = Y Y *, (7.7)
Y* = 1,68 =1,68*0=0
ΔY = Y=0,0017 / .
ΔY, / :
∆ Y = (∆Y −∆Y )/(2,3* lg (∆Y/∆ Y )), (7.8)
∆ Y =(0,0185-0,0017)/(2,3*lg(0,0185/0,0017))=0,003, / .
F, 2, :
F = / ( *∆ Y ), (7.9)
(. 7.1).
F =2,143/(0,4*0,003)=1785 2.
V, 3, , , ψ = 1 (. 7.1) :
V= F /σ, (7.10)
σ , σ = 204 2/3 [1].
V=1785/204=8,75 3.
ω () (7.11):
g , g = 9,8 /2; V , V = 0,74 3/3 [1]; ρ ρ , /3; ρ = 1000 /3; μ , μ = 1 ∙; L G , /; = 0,022 .
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ρ :
ρ= ρ * /, (7.12)
ρ , ρ = 1,293 /3; , = 293 (. 7.1); = 273 .
ρ=1,293*293/273=1,39 /3.
G :
G = Q ∙ ρ, (7.13)
Q , 3/ (. 7.1).
G =1200*1,293=1551,6/.
() ω , :
ω = (0,75÷0,9) ω, (7.14)
ω = 0,75*ω.
ω =0,75*0,16=0,12/.
S, 2:
S = G /3600*ω*ρ, (7.15)
S =1551,6/3600*0,12*1,39=2,58 2.
D, :
D = √4S /π, (7.16)
D = √4*2,58/3,14=1,81.
:
= V / S, (7.17)
=8,75/2,58=3,39.