ad budget, annual budget, approved budget, consumer budget, current budget, deficit-free budget, household budget, low budget, master budget, operating budget, overall budget, surplus budget.
Ex.6. Match the nouns in the left-hand column with the verbs in the right-hand column. Translate the phrases into Ukrainian:
| the budget the financial operating plan | carry out negotiate offer prepare realize revise submit draw up cut increase reduce set approve pass |
Ex.7. Look at the words and phrases in the box. Match them with the correct definition from the list below.
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1. a plan of expected income and expenditure for a particular period of time;
2. the total of separate budgets from different departments within a company;
3. a standard plan for the performance of a business by which its operations may be measured and regulated;
4. a statement about what one thinks will happen in the future;
5. related to a 12-month period of business activity;
6. the people who control a company;
7. an aim or target;
8. the main internal workings of business.
Ex.8. Write the appropriate word or phrase in the following spaces. Translate the sentences into Ukrainian.
1. The financial director is responsible for the firms .
2. involves setting financial goals and standards for an enterprise.
3. Our companys is the calendar year, January 1 to December 31.
4. The new channel will be launched with a $3 million promotional .
5. A desire to go to business school her to study mathematics hard.
6. She was given a of 25 000 to launch the magazine.
7. In the UK, the governments runs from 6 April to the following 5 April.
8. Our financial manager will calculate the total profit at the end of the period.
9. The boss the quality of her employees work.
10. The of this months sales is up 20 %.
11. The company for a 5% increase in sales.
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Ex.9. Fill in the missing prepositions.
Budgeting
Budgeting is the process preparing budgets and exercising budgetary control. Budgeting encourages forward thinking managers; serves to help coordinate different functions and departments the firm. It defines the responsibilities individual managers, provides a framework delegating responsibility; and provides an instrument control; and a basis modifying plans, where necessary.
(of (2), by, in, for (3)
Exercises in Comprehension
Ex.1. Answer the following questions:
1. What does "to budget for" mean?
2. What is a budget? What does it show?
3. Why is the preparation of a budget an important aspect of a companys success?
4. What is the primary objective of the budget?
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5. What is the customary accounting period for the budget?
6. What is a master budget?
7. What can a master budget be used for?
8. What is a control device?
9. What does the success of the budgeting process depend on?
Ex.2. Sum up what you remember about:
s a budget and budgeting;
s the fiscal year;
s a master budget.
Ex.3. Translate into English:
. ³ . , , , , , .
. .
Grammar Revision
| Modal Verbs Certainty, Possibility, Probability must, may, might, could, cant, should, ought to 1. We use must or cant + infinitive to say we are certain about something; we have some evidence to reach this conclusion. We use must to indicate positive certainty and cant to indicate negative certainty. We dont use mustnt or can to talk about certainty. She must be very happy. She has finished her experiments. That cant be our business partner. He is arriving tomorrow. |
| 2. We use may, might or could + infinitive when we are speculating that something is possible. She may/might/could pass her exam this time. (Its possible that she will pass her exam) |
| 3. We use should and ought to + infinitive to show that something is probable now or in the future. He should/ought to pass his exams. (He will probably pass) |
