Lets imagine, youve decided to have a tour to another country. What will you begin from? Try to define all your steps from beginning to the end of your trip. You may choose if it is a package tour organized by a tour agency or a self-tour.
Let our guests assess your answers.
While travelling we meet different people in different situation and in order not to cause misunderstanding lets practice our English in some situations.
I offer your dialogues, but there is dismiss in the word order. Your task is to make a dialogue, entitle and role play it.
5. - Tour booklet.
Slide 7
Nowadays there are so many ways and means of travelling and sometimes tourists cannot decide where to go and what to see. I want you to help our guests today to choose a tour (they are travelers and you are tour operators). You must create a tour booklet which makes them trust youin organizing their holidays. Choose a speaker who will represent your project.
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10 " Types of travelers. Business travelers."
Holidaymakers
These people will travel to a holiday destination for a typical resort holiday. Many travel to European resorts in Mediterranean countries like Spain, Italy or Greece in search of the sun or to France and Switzerland on skiing holidays.
Others may travel a bit further to Florida in the USA or a Caribbean resort and some of the more adventurous will even travel to more exotic locations such as Kenya in East Africa or Thailand in South East Asia. Some will even venture as far as Australia for their holidays. Others may visit some of the world's most famous resorts and hotels to wine and dine and play casino games and generally live the high life just like the rich and famous for a few days.
Because these travellers are going to a holiday resort with a hotel with all the comforts of home, they will usually have easy access to medical facilities should they be required, and therefore, they should be able to obtain any medicines they require from a local pharmacy or medical facility.
These travellers usually remain within easy reach of a doctor or a hospital whilst they are away which is a much better option than self medication for serious illnesses. They may also include children, the elderly, pregnant women and the disabled who should all seek medical assistance if they become ill.
However, a small medical kit for treating minor ailments should they arise will be of great value and convenience. The information supplied in this site will also prove valuable to these travellers and the interactive page can also provide a list of the medicines they should take with them.
Vaccinations take time. A doctor or nurse should be consulted as soon as possible, ideally at least four weeks before travelling. Late bookings can leave insufficient time for vaccinations to become fully effective.
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Stomach upsets and diarrhoea are very common. Contaminated food and water is a major cause of illness and care is especially important when eating out and in countries where local hygiene is poor. More spices or oil in food as well as alcohol can also lead to stomach upsets.
Sunburn is preventable, so always use an appropriate sunscreen when going outside into the sun. See the sunburn page for more details.
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Business Travellers
This group of travellers for the main part fall into the same category as the previous group in so far as they are never far from medical assistance when it is required. The main difference being that the majority will be travelling to cities rather than holiday resorts. A small group however, will occasionally travel to more remote areas in the course of their business. In this instance, a small medical kit for treating minor ailments will be of great value and convenience. The information supplied in this site will also prove valuable to these travellers.
Tiredness and jet lag may affect your business efficiency. Rest before and after travel is important. Persons with occupations which involve frequent travelling should consider vaccinating in anticipation of overseas assignments in order that the vaccinations achieve optimum protection, e.g. a first yellow fever vaccination certificate is not valid for 10 days.
Contaminated food and water is a major cause of illness in business travellers although less so if eating and drinking is confined to first class hotels. Avoiding unsafe food and water can sometimes be difficult, when being entertained by enthusiastic hosts, unless a strategy is planned in advance!
It may be wise to always carry an anti-diarrhoeal preparation to make sure that you are able to attend important business meetings or to help you make long journeys without having to make frequent and inconvenient use of the toilet.
Unfamiliar surroundings, especially when combined with excessive alcohol consumption can lead to uncharacteristic behaviour including sexual risk taking. "Unsafe" sex, particularly with commercial sex workers, may pose serious infections risks including HIV.
Backpackers & Adventure Travellers
Backpacking is a term that has historically been used to denote a form of low-cost, independent international travel. Terms such as independent travel and budget travel are often used.
The factors that traditionally differentiate backpacking from other forms of tourism include the use of a backpack or other luggage that is easily carried for long distances or long periods of time; the utilization of public transport as a means of travel; a preference for inexpensive lodging such as youth hostels; a longer duration to the trip when compared with conventional vacations; and an interest in meeting the locals as well as seeing the sights. It is typically associated with young adults, who generally have fewer obligations and thus more time to travel. They also have less money to spend on hotels or private vehicles.
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The definition of a backpacker has evolved as travellers from different cultures and regions participate. They also display a common commitment to a non-institutionalised form of travel, which identifies them as backpackers. Backpacking as a lifestyle and as a business has grown considerably in the 2000s as a result of low-cost airlines and hostels or budget accommodations in many parts of the world. Digital communication and resources make planning, executing, and continuing a long-term backpacking trip easier than before.
Of importance in backpacking is a sense of authenticity. Backpacking is perceived as being more than a vacation, but a means of education. Backpackers want to experience the "real" destination rather than the packaged version often associated with mass tourism. There is also the cocept of witnessing real life with more involvement with local people.
However, even though one of the primary aims of backpacking is to seek the "authentic," the majority of backpackers tend to spend most of their time interacting with other backpackers, and interactions with locals are of secondary importance.
Some useful websites include:-
| The Backpacking Site | Backpacker |
| World Backpackers | Travel Independent |
Adventure travel can be defined as: a vacation or trip to a natural environment or remote location with the specific purpose of active physical participation and exploration of a new experience. Nowadays many specialist companies and organisations can design a personalized itinerary that suits your individual adventure travel desires.
We tend to equate adventure with doing something sporty possibly slightly dangerous, but travel companies are bending over backwards to create a holiday that involves a sense of adventure (this doesn`t mean being hooked up to an anti malarial drip in India) but not to the point where one or both parties find the so called adventure bit a bit too much hard work, the sort of holiday you need another holiday to recover from the previous, action packed one.
Depending on your age, income and level of fitness the choices are many and varied. You can opt for a cycling holiday in Vermont, trekking in the Nepal Himalayas, a sailing adventure in Thailand, crossing the Grand Traverse in New Zealand, walking the Inca trail in South America, scuba diving on the Great Barrier Reef, a cultural visit to see the Terracotta Army and the Great Wall of China, or a safari holiday to Massai Mara Game reserve, in which you explore rather close up and not behind zoo cages the likes of wild lions, elephants, giraffes and cheetahs, except you don`t have to sleep in tents, but in lodges which cater to Western travellers.
Adventure tourism gains much of its excitement by allowing its participants to step outside of their comfort zone. This may be from experiencing culture shock or through the performance of acts, that require significant effort and involve some degree of risk (real or perceived) and/or physical danger. This may include activities such as mountaineering, trekking, bungee jumping, mountain biking, rafting, zip-lining and rock climbing. Some obscure forms of adventure travel include disaster and ghetto tourism. Other rising forms of adventure travel include social and jungle tourism.
Adventure travel is to intentionally go beyond ones normal known area, seeking out experiences which are unfamilar. This form of travel can expose travellers to additional health risks and it is this group of travellers who will probably benefit the most from taking their own customised medical kit with them.
Adventure Travellers often travel alone or in small groups on self-organised trips or on small group organised excursions. They include; tourists, trekkers, mountaineers, climbers, bikers, canoeists, scuba divers, etc. etc. The list is endless. This type of excursion usually involves travelling on foot, by bicycle or public transport and staying in simple cheap accommodation.
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The growth of adventure travel has been accompanied by an enormous variety and availability of adventure travel companies specialising in international travel and tourism. A few examples include:
| Explore Worldwide | Exodus |
| Intrepid Travel | KE Adventure Travel |
| Kuoni | Travelsphere |
| More links to Adventure Travel companies can be found on our "Adventure Travel" links page: |
Both these types of travellers are also likely to be exposed to infections and diseases due to the nature of the activity they are involved in and the locations to which they travel.
They should therefore be extra aware of measures to prevent illness from food and water, insects and animals and close personal contact with locals.
Vaccinations should be arranged with a GP's surgery or travel clinic in plenty of time, ideally at least six weeks before travelling. Check if malaria is endemic in the region to be visited. Adventure travellers and backpackers tend to visit those regions where vaccinations and malaria prphylaxis are essenrial.
Mosquito and other insect bites should be minimised through wearing suitable clothing, applying insect repellents and using mosquito nets etc.
There is also the risk of accidents occuring when taking part in risky activities or even when trekking or travelling on poor roads in badly maintained vehicles.
Backpackers and adventure travellers may find themselves alternately in major cities with access to medical facilities and then in remote areas far away from medical help.
They should therefore seriously consider taking a medical kit for the times when they will be far from help. A comprehensive first aid kit is important especially if going to areas remote from medical facilities.
Contamination of food and water is a major cause of illness in theese travellers. Unless certain of the purity of the local water supply, stick to boiled or bottled water and avoid ice in drinks.
Alternatively, water can be sterilised with iodine drops/tablets or with a quality filter. Dishes and cutlery should also be washed with sterilised water. Hot tea, coffee, beer and wine are usually safe. Ensure that milk has been pasteurised and that cheese, cream and ice cream are made from milk that has been pasteurised.
Peel all fruit, eat only cooked vegetables and avoid salads. Ensure that seafood, fish and meat are thoroughly cooked and eaten hot whenever possible. Avoid leftovers. Wash hands before eating or handling food and always after using the toilet.
A situation that is exciting and welcome to one person can be daunting to another. Possible problems include adjusting to a different climate, unusual food, religious and cultural differences, separation from family, changes in living standards, different social amenities, language differences, coming to terms with poverty, begging, and compulsory movement restrictions for safety or political reasons. Being open to new and different cultures and being patient, rather than critical, will help the traveller adapt to new and challenging adventures.
Adventurous trips are those travels that change you, enchant you and ensure memories for a lifetime. Some travellers go for the physical thrills and the opportunities that stretch a body's physical capabilities to the utmost degree. Other travelers would rather use their minds, eyes, hearing and cameras to enhance their experiences. Each person's definition of adventure travel is unique.
For all your outdoor equipment requirements including: mountaineering, climbing, skiing, trekking, backpacking, camping, canoeing, caving, etc.etc. go to:-
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If you are going on an expeditionyou are likely to be exposed to more diseases than other travellers due to the nature of the location and duration of stay. You will probably interact more with the local population than other travellers. Study, in advance, any necessary measures needed to prevent infection from contaminated food and water, insects and animals bites and close contact with locals. You will probably be travelling to extremely remote areas where there is no or limited medical assistance available. A medical kit together with first aid and surgical equipment will therefore be essential. If you are leading the expedition it will be your responsibility to ensure that adequate medical supplies are taken. Consider taking a course in expedition first aid and emergency procedures. 
The medical suppliesshould be appropriate to the type of expedition and the region and should contain enough supplies to adequately cover the number of persons in the group for the duration of the expedition. Along with the medical supplies, the expedition should ideally take an expedition doctor or someone qualified in the diagnosis of illness and the administration of medicines. 
If this is not possible then a handbook with instructions on the use of medicines should be included but will be a poor substitute. If mosquito and otherinsect bites are likely you should consider taking suitable clothing, insect repellents and mosquito nets. Large, professionally organised expeditions are likely to have their own expedition doctor complete with a whole host of medical, surgical & first aid supplies. Members of expeditions are usually quite fit and in excellent medical condition and will therefore, respond well to medical treatment.
An excellent range of medical items on line such as first aid kits, sterile surgical kits, insect repellents, mosquito nets and water purification systems can be obtained from:-
Please see www.adventurefirstaid.co.uk for details of expedition first aid courses. Having a single strategy to deal with any injury or illness is the key to dealing with immediate and stressfull incidents. Adventure First Aid offers Interactive - Dynamic - Contextual - Cost Effective training.
and water hygiene problems and other disease risks are all-important. A brief visit to the proposed destination in advance can help reduce fear of the unknown.
Backpackers may find themselves alternately in major cities with access to medical facilities and then in remote areas far away from medical help. They should therefore seriously consider taking a medical kit for the times when they will be far from help.
