II. PRE-PRODUCTION
1. work out A. actors
2. create B. ideas
3. communicate C. insurance
4. draw up D. the storyboard
5. plan E. against accidents
6. divide F. permission
7. include G. the shooting script
8. procure H. specialized staff
9. protect I. auditions
10. design and order J. the budget
11. hunt for K. expenditures
12. get L. story rights
13. hold M. into two parts
14. cast N. locations
15. require O. sets and costumes
Exercise 21. Read the text below. Find passive structures and learn the words and word
Combinations in bold.
III. Production / Shooting Stage
When the film reaches the shooting stage the shooting script is developed into a cross plot. It is a very elaborate schedule of each days work, which shows the dates for shooting each scene, its location, cast, equipment needed, etc. More crew will be recruited at this stage, such as the property master, script supervisor, assistant directors, stills photographer, picture editor, and sound editors. These are just the most common roles in filmmaking; the production officewill be free to create any unique blend of roles to suit the various responsibilities during the production of a film.
The settings and details for every scene in the film are provided by the art director and his department: set designers, set decorator s, set dresser s, construction manager, property master, graphic designer s, and a number of craftsmen (carpenters, painters, etc.) The art director discusses the type, size and shape of each set with the producer and other directors. He also collaborates with the location manager, hair stylists, makeup stylists and the special effects supervisor to make sure that all elements of a film are well organized.
The lighting of the set, the position of the camera, shots for each scene and the sequence of shots are determined and supervised by the director of photography who heads the camera crew. Camera crew consists of several people including chief electrician called gaffer who is assisted by best boy. Their group is in charge of lighting equipment. Key grip supervises grips. Cameramen operate cameras. First Assistant Camera (1st AC) is responsible for keeping camera in focus. He is helped by clapper-boy who also operates clapboard at the beginning of each take.
The costume department is responsible for the wardrobe of the cast, while make-up and hairdressing experts attend to the appearance of the actors and prepare them for shooting.
The film is shot in a studio and on location. Location shooting is the practice of filming in an actual setting rather than on a sound stage or back lot. Before filming on location it is generally wise to conduct a recce. Most films do a bit of both location shooting and studio shoots, although low budget films usually do more location shooting than bigger budgetfilms because the cost of shooting at some place that already exists is much cheaper than creating that place from scratch.
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During the shooting stage it is common for several members of the film crew including the director, cinematographer, editor and others to view and discuss the daily rushes. It allows to make sure there are no technical problems, the director is satisfied with the actors performances and a scene has been shot from all the necessary angle s.
cross plot -
elaborate schedule
to recruit
property master
script supervisor (Am) / continuity-girl (Br) ,
stills photographer
to suit
responsibilities
set decorator
set dresser
construction manager -
graphic designer -
carpenter
painter
gaffer
best boy
key grip
First Assistant Camera / 1st AC
attend to smth, smb -, -
sound stage ,
back lot
recce = reconnaissance = location hunting= location sc
daily rushes = dailies = rushes
angle ,
