. . 23 , 416 , . , . .
.
t., C | t., C | d420 | ||
HCCH | -80,8 | -83,6 | 0,565 1 | |
CH3CCH | -102,7 | -23,3 | 0,670 1 | |
-1 | C2H5CCH | -122,5 | 8,5 | 0,678 2 |
-2 | CH3CCCH3 | -32,3 | 27,0 | 0,691 |
-1 | CH3CH2CH2CCH | -98,0 | 39,7 | 0,691 |
-2 | CH3CH2CCCH3 | -101,0 | 56,1 | 0,710 |
3--1 | CH3CHCCH I CH3 | 28,0 | 0,665 | |
1 . 2 0C. |
sp-. , sp- , 180 , p- .
sp- ,
CH
, s- . s- , s- і.
( ,
p- )
p- , s- , p- . , s- p- .
, , p- ( ), . , "" , , (і).
I.
1) . (Ni, Pd Pt), , .
CH3CCH() t,Pd;H2 CH3CH=CH2() t,Pd;H2 CH3CH2CH3()
2) . ( ). , .
|
|
HCCH Br2 CHBr=CHBr(1,2- ) Br2 CHBr2CHBr2(1,1,2,2- )
3) . .
CH3CCH HBr CH3CBr=CH2(2- -1) HBr CH3CBr2CH3(2,2- )
4) ( ). . 1881 ...
, ( , ) - .
C2H5CCH + H2O HgSO4 [C2H5 | C=CH2]() C2H5 I ø OH | CCH3() II O |
.
O II | ||
HCCH + H2O HgSO4 [CH2= | CH]() CH3 I | C( ) I |
H | O | H |
5) . , :
a) .
HCCH kat.HCCH CH2=CHCCH kat.HCCH CH2=CHCCCH=CH2
b) ( ) .
+ | 600C,C |
II.
. , .
HCCH NaNH2 HCCNa + NH3
.
HCCH + 2[Ag(NH3)2]OH AgCCAg + 4NH3 + 2H2O
, . .
AgCCAg + 2HCl HCCH + 2AgCl
.
3150C, . , - , , 1,1,2,2- . , .
, .
, ( ). :
26 C2H4 2H2
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() ()
|
|
, nH2n-2
() 22. :
͗Ѻї :::::
.
(sp -). , s- p-. 0,12 , 830 /. . 1.
.1. :
- ; - ; -
. , - -. , . , , :
3
|
͗Ѻї23 3їѺї3 2=ї2Ѻ
-1 -2 2--1--4
() ()
, .
() :
͗Ѻї - ;
Ѻї2 -
. ( ) () :
͗Ѻї͗3 ͗Ѻї223 3ї=ї23
|
3
3--1 -1 -2
4.3.
:
1. () :
24 1500C Ѻ + 32
:
26 1200C Ѻ + 22
2. 2, :
+ 3C 2500C CaC2 + CO
2 + 22O Ѻ + ()2
3. , , :
r
|
3ї͗͗3 + 2 3їѺї3 + 2KBr + 22
|
Br
2,3- -2
()