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1. .., .. .- .- 2004.- 12.- . 67-74.

2. .., .., .. .- Consilium medicum.-2005 ., 1.- .5-12.

3. .. .- Consilium medicum.-2005 ., 1.- .15-20.

4. " : ", 9 2003 . - . 2003.- 7. - . 63-88.

5. Buller H.R. Antithrombotic Therapy for Venous Thromboembolic Disease. The Seventh ACCP Conference. CHEST 126/3 September 2004; Supplement.- . 401-428.

6. Goldhaber S.Z. Echocardiography in the Management of pulmonary embolism. Ann. Intern. Med.-2002.- 136.- p. 691-700.

7.Bates S.M., et al Conference on Antithrombotic and Thrombolytic Therapy Use of Antithrombotic Agents During Pregnancy: The Seventh ACCP // Chest 2004. Vol. 126. P.627-644

8.Guidelines on diagnosis and management of acute pulmonary embolism. Task Force on Pulmonary Embolism, European Society of Cardiology. European Heart Journal (2000) 21, 13011336

9.Guidelines of British Society for Hematology. The diagnosis of deep vein thrombosis in symptomatic outpatients and the potential for clinical assessment and D-dimer assays to reduce the need for diagnostic imaging. British Journal of Hematology. 2004 Vol. 124., P. 1525

10.Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network (SIGN). Prophylaxis of Venous

11.Guidelines for the prevention and treatment of thromboembolic disease. Evidence-based report by the Italian College of Phlebology. International Angiology vol. 20 - suppl.2 to issue 2 - JUNE 2001

12.Hyers TM, Agnelli G, Hull RD, et al. Antithrombotic therapy for venous thromboembolic disease. Chest 2001;119:176S-193S.

13.V. Silva Vilela et al. Prevention of Thrombosis during Pregnancy. IMAJ. Vol 4. October 2002.

14.Clinical policy: Critical issues in the evaluation and management of adult patients presenting with suspected pulmonary embolism. Annals of Emergency Medicine. Volume 41., Number 2., February 2003

 


, .

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1.

 

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( 10-20%, 30%, ) ( 21-30%, 30-45%, ) ( 31-40%, 46-60%, ) ( 40%, 60%, , ).

 

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II 20-25
III , 30-40
IV , 40

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II 11-20   2-4 /
III 21-40   4-7 /
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1. . ., . ., . ., . ., . ., . . : 2006 . , 2006, N1.
2. .., .., .. . . . . 2004; 1 (3).
3. ..
/, 1, 2005 .
4. .., .., .. . . . . . . 1999.
5. .., .., .. . . . ( ). 2005; 1.
6. .., . . 14, 1, 2006.
7. .., .., ., .., .. . , 2, 2000.
8. ., .. . . 89, 2001.
9. .., .. 1. 1, 2004.
10. .., .. . (/) 7, 6, 2005.
11. .. . . . ( ). 2005; 4.
12. .., .., .. Update in Anaestesia, 12, 2006.
13.Hwang G., Marota J.A. Anesthesia for abdominal surgery. In: Hurford W. E., Bailin M. T., Dawison J. K., Haspel K. L., Rosow C., eds. Clinical Anesthesia Procedures of the Massachusetts General Hospital. Philadelphia: LippincottRaven, 1997.
14.Tonnesen A.S. Crystalloids and colloids. In: Miller R.D., ed. Anesthesia, 3rd edn. New York: Churchill Livingstone, 1990.
15.Boldt J. Fluid management of patients undergoing abdominal surgery more questions than answers European Journal of Anaesthesiology 2006.
16.M. J. R. Ragaller, H. Theilen, T. Koch. Volume Replacement in Critically Ill Patients with Acute Renal Failure Journal of the American Society of Nephrology, 2001. Volume 12
17.Lobo D. N., Dube M. G., Neal K. R., Allison S. P., Rowlands B. J. Perioperative fluid and electrolyte management: a survey of consultant surgeons in the UK. Ann R Coil Surg Engl 2002.


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