.


:




:

































 

 

 

 


- ..

 

 

 

:

,

..., ..

 

. . ..

..

..

 

.. 4

1. . 5

1.1 5

1.2 . 5

1.3 . 6

1.3.1 .. 8

1.3.2 . 8

1.4 . 9

1.4.1 . 9

1.4.2 . 10

1.5 . 11

1.5.1 - NanoCloud. 12

1.5.2 . 13

1.5.3 CLAVIRE.. 16

2. . 18

2.1 OC.. 18

2.2 - Apache. 20

2.3 .. 23

2.3.1 PHP-. 23

2.3.2 PHP-. 25

2.3.3 . 25

2.3.4 . 31

2.3.5 . 32

2.4 .. 32

2.4.1 MySQL.. 33

2.5 . 34

2.6 Bootstrap. 37

2.7 Highcharts. 38

3. . 40

3.1 . 40

3.2 . 44

3.3 . 49

4. ... 51

4.1 . 51

4.2 . 51

4.3 .. 51

4.4 . 53

4.5 . 54

4.6 . 54

5 .. 57

5.1 .. 57

5.2 .. 57

5.3 . 57

5.4 . 57

... 61

... 62

.. 65

1. .. 66

2. . 85

3. . 88

 

 


() . () . , . , , , . , , .

. , , . , .

, , . .

 

 

1.

1.1

, , . , [1]. , :

, , - [2];

- (. hub), web 2.0 .

 

1.2

, (. Grand Challenges) [3], :

;

,

,

;

;

.

, , , , . . , , .

, , . .

, .

, , . (cloud computing) [4].

- [5], , .

 

1.3

[6]. . -500 , 2013 , 85% [7].

( ), , (. 1.1).

, . -.

1.1. .

. . . - . :

24 Intel Xeon X5570, 96 , 144 GB RAM, 3.6 TB HDD

: 2 Intel Xeon X5570, 24 GB RAM;

ReadyStorage NAS 3160, 12 TB;

(InfiniBand);

(Gigabit Ethernet);

Tesla: 2 Intel Xeon X5570, 12 GB RAM;

Tesla GPU S1070: 4 , 960 [8].

 

1.3.1

:

: , , ;

: , , , 18 , ;

: [9].

 

1.3.2

. , , , , . .

, , , , . .

 

1.4

(), , (. pool) , (, , , , ), [10].

 

1.4.1

. , . , , .

, , . (cloud computing) [10].

 

1.4.2

[11]:

(. self service on demand), 25 , , , ;

, ;

(. resource pooling), ; (, , ), , , ( - , , );

, , , , , , ;

, (, , , , ) .

, , , , , .

(. high availability) , , .

( , , ).

 

1.5

 

. :

NanoCloud [12], .

- [13].

CLAVIRE, , - [14].

 

1.5.1 - NanoCloud

NanoCloud () .

NanoCloud Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS), Platform as a Service (PaaS), Data as a Service (DaaS), - Software as a Service (SaaS), - Application as a Service (AaaS) - Grid as a Service (GaaS).

, - -, , .

- , .

NanoCloud , , .

( ), , , , -. , . ( ) , , , (, ) .

, , , -, . , IaaS (Infrastrucutre as a Services), SaaS (Software as a Service) DaaS (Data as a Service), [12].

 

1.5.2

- : - ӻ [15] [16]. . , . 1, ().

. 1.1

.

Windows 7, , , . , Wi-Fi .

. 1.2. .

, Microsoft Hyper V. , iSCSI over InfiniBand. Citrix XenDesktop VDI Edition. . 1.2

:

( );

, ;

, ;

;

, ;

;

;

, ;

, [13];

 

1.5.3 - CLAVIRE

- CLAVIRE (CLoud Application VIRtual Environment) , , , SaaS AaaS. CLAVIRE :

, ( , );

- , , ;

, -, , big data, .

CLAVIRE 2010 2012 . 蔻[14].

 


 

2.

2.1 OC

Linux [17]. :

, , ,

, , , .

, .

ջ , , , , .

Linux Unix, , Unix. , , Unix.

Linux, . (distributions, distros). Mandriva, Xandros, Red Hat, SUSE. . . , , . Ubuntu . Ÿ Canonical Ltd., 2004 (Mark Shuttleworth), . Ubuntu Debian, [18].

 

Ubuntu:

. GNU, Linux (Ubuntu Linux), , , . , ( , Linux Red Hat SUSE Novell), , [19].

. , , , Ubuntu. , .

. , Ubuntu .

. Web- Ubuntu . , ( ). , Ubuntu , , .

. Ubuntu CD DVD, -USB, .

. Ubuntu OpenOffice.org, , , Microsoft Office.

 

2.2 - Apache

, Internet Society (ISOC). ( ) , [20].

ISOC : (Uniform Resource Identifier URI), (Uniform Resource Locator URN) (Uniform Resource Names URN).

. 2.1, , .

. 2.1

, :

, , (, http://admin.com);

() , (, urn:isbn:0-13-020601-6).

, URL. , , URI.

HTTP

HTTP - , . URL-. , . .

HTTP , - telnet. 80 -. -.

GET, . GET /. ( , ). HTTP , .

, HTTP- , . , , , . CGI (Common Gateway Interface ).

CGI , , , , HTTP- . CGI- , Perl, Python . , - .

CGI , - . , -, .

CGI, - , , Perl , -. , - , . , , . , (,.pi .php), .

Apache HTTP Server , , HTTP-. Apache Software Foundation. , , .

Apache, , . Apache chroot-jail [21].

 

2.3

 



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