, , , . , . , , (employment rates for society) - (Gross Domestic Product - GDP). , , .. , . , , . :
1) (Sustainability Performance Indicators - SPI);
2) (Aggregate Sustainability Measures - ASM).
?
() (SPI) - , , . , . . (be selected) (pre-defined list) (be tailor-made). , () 1996 . , , (deseign), (interpretation) (communication) ( , 2000 - International Institute for Sustainable Development, 2000).
(The Global Urban Indicators Database), (Human Settelments) (the Global Urban Indicators Database UNCHS, 2000). 40 , 110 237 , , , .
. -, , "", () . -, , .. (conflicting messages). , . , . -, , .
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()(ASM). :
1) - I (the Index of Sustainable Economic Welfare - ISEW);
2) Ipn (the Genuine Progress Indicator - GPI).
, , .
I " " (Friends of Earth) () - (the Centre for Environmental Strategy - CES) (the New Economics Foundation - NEF). , , , (Friends of Earth, 2002). , , . (I) (ISEW) , , . I (8 EU + Chili).
1995 . " " (Redefining Progress) , - I (Genuine Progress Indicator - GPI). Ipn , . , . , , . Ipn (composite measure), . Ipn , , . , , , , , . Ipn (fluctuations) . 1950 " " Ipn .
, () , , (). , . , , - (significally over-weights), , (dimension) (misleading).
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( .. .. )
( ) . . , , .
, (, 2006; (), 2006).
I, , : (I), (I) (I) (. 3.1).
I, I I (. 2.1).
. 2.1.
2.3.
(I) | I - | 3 , 47 | World Economic Forum // www.weforum.org |
I - | 10 , 50 | Heritage Foundation // www.heritage.org | |
(I) | ESI - | 21 , 76 | , // www.yale.edu/esi |
(I) | I | 9 | Economist Intelligence Unit // www.en.wikipedia.org |
I - | 3 | United Nation Development program // www.hdr.undp.org | |
I - , | 3 , 15 | UNDESA // UN Publication. 1, 2005 |
. 2.3 , , . , , , , . , , , 0 1. , 0, - 1. I , 1 , I 1 .