I . , , , . .. , U H , , , S.
, :
1) , - -.
2) , .. , , .
1- , , DH- < 0.
2- , ΔS > 0.
S , .
: S = K lnW /K,
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R = 8,314 /
N A = 6,02 1023 -1 - .
|
, , :
- , -
-
, W
1. 4 N2 4 2 1
2. 3 N2 1 2 3 2 1 2 16
3. 2 N2 2 2 2 2 2N2 36 -
, -
4. 1N2 32 12 3N2 16
5. 42 4N2 1
1- 5- - .
.., , , , , .
. (.. ), .
, S DS.
Δ S > 0
Δ S > 0
Δ S > 0.
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, DH< 0 DS > 0.
, , S, (), , , .
, .. .
:
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( ) ( ).
.
, (). .
DU = Q - A = Q - A - p DV. :
Q = DU + p DV +
ΔΗ
Q = ΔH + A .
ΔS = Q / T, Q = TΔS TΔS = ΔH + A .
. = ΔS - ΔH = - (Δ - ΔS).
, (.. . > 0), Δ - ΔS < 0.
S , ( , - ), G:
G = H - TS,
, :
ΔGo- = Go - Go ()
:
ΔG = ΔH TΔS .
, (.. ) .