, , T,V,P. S P,V,T. , . , S .
(1.39)
,
.
T,S,P V, , , . T , T . dS. , dS
. (1.40)
, , , (1.40)
. (1.41)
. U,
dU=TdS-PdV (1.42)
:
H= U+PV - ;
F=U-TS - c ;
=U-TS+PV - .
(1.42) :
dH=TdS+VdP
dF=-SdT-PdV
d=-SdT+VdP.
,
, (1.43)
, (1.44)
, (1.45)
. (1.46)
(1.43) (1.42) dU
. (1.47)
(1.44) dH
. (1.48)
(1.45) dF
. (1.49)
(1.46) d
. (1.50)
(1.47)-(1.50) .
(1.41), (1.47),
. (1.51)
, , (1.49),
.
(1.52)
(1.51) (1.52) V , S(T,V), S(P,T), S(T0,V0) S(T0,P0) - V0 0 0 0..
1 2 , . 4. , , 12 12, ..
.
.
1
,
.
,
.
, .