....................................... 3
1. ......................... 3
2. ....................................... 4
................................ 6
2.2. .......................... 8
2.3. ....9
3. ........................................ 11
3.1.
................................... 13
4. ................................ 15
4.1 ....... 16
5. ............... 18
6. ........................ 21
7. ..................... 21
7.1. ........... 22
................................... 23
........................... 25
- : , . , . . , , . , - . - .
: . , , , , . ? - .
, , . , . . , , . , . . , , .
1.
, . , ( - ABCD, MEFN, ABEM, BEFC, CDNF, ADMN). ( - AB, BC, CD, AD, BE, CF, AM, DN, ME, EF, FN, MN). , , . , , (BN). , , ( BEN).
|
|
, . ( , . 1).
, (. 2).
, .
.
2.
, - , - , .
, (ABCDE). ASB, BSC, S, . , . , . , .
, - , .
, ,
PA1A2An. , . , PO , (, PA1 OPA1, OP=h, OA1=R). √(h2+R2), PA1=PA2== PAn.
, PA1A2An , . , A1A2An . , , .
, , .
.
1. , , :
;
, , ;
:
S1:S2=X12:X22
2. , , , .
|
|
( ) .
( ) - .
1. , .
2. , , , .
3. , , , .
4. , , .
5. , , ( ) .
: - , , .
n SABCD, SH ; SK . : (ά) ; (β) ; (γ) ; (φ) .
, . :
:
V=1/3SH,
S , H .
:
S=1/2Ph,
P , h
2.2. .
, , , ABCDA1B1C1D1.
ABCD A1B1C1D1 (ABCD , A1B1C1D1 ).
, .
, , , , .
.
. .
, . - , .
:
V=1/3 H(S+ √ SS1 +S1),
S S1 , H .
:
S=1/2(P+P1)h,
P P1 , h ( ).
2.3.
. . . , .
|
|
, , (. ). , . , (. ).
g , .
.
, g, - , , g D (). D . , , . , g, , g. , . . .
, .
3.
(n- ) , ( ) - n- , n ( ) - , . .
. 12...5, 1'2...'5. XX' - , . - 1'2, 1'2,..., 5'5. - 12'21, 233'2,....
XX' , , , .
- , , . n- n (n-3) .
, , , , (A4A2A*4). , , .
.
, , .