( 11).
, . . , ,
∙ ־¹ = 1.
־¹ = ∙ , || - , ; .
:
־¹ =
11 .
:
6 ?
.
1. . .
2. . , () , ( , , ∞-). a, b, c d. l m , , ( 12).
3. . , . 12
(-) (p):
(v) (n)
( , w=0)
,
. (. ), 12. x 2 x 2 . , x. ( ). y. , , ! . 13 ( ) ..
: ) - 0; ) Q n, v Mtransform
:
.
. ,..:
n ∙ v = 0
n' ∙ v' = 0,
, , . , .
|
|
n' = n ∙ Q transform, v' = v ∙ M transform,
(n ∙ Q t ransform ) ∙ (v ∙ M transform) = 0
n v: n = (A, B), v = (x, y), ; ,
(A B 0) ∙ (Q transform ∙ M transform) ∙ (x y 0) = 0.
, Q transform ∙ M transform = E = 1,
Q transform = (M־¹transform).
, n v M , .
. . 14. , - .
-. . -. .
, - , - .
, :
.