(transaction layer) , TLP (Transaction Layer Packet ). , . TLP , . TLP , . NS (No Snoop) R0 (Relaxed Ordering). , , . , .
(data link layer), , , . , , ( ). DLLP (Data Link Layer Packet ), .
(physical layer) . .
, , 8/10, . . , 8/10, . , . .
, , .
, PCI Express, , , , . . , . PCI Express .