3 :
1. , .
2. , .
3. , .
1.
I. . . .
1:
He stopped so as to talk to me ,
after the lecture. .
To talk - Indefinite Infinitive Active, .
1. My parents never let me read in bed.
2. I dont hear a word though he seems to be speaking.
3. Im happy not to have failed you.
4. I felt that to send the letter to Porcharlester would only pain him uselessly.
II. . I II, . .
2:
Discharging the ship we found a few ,
broken cases. . Discharging -Participle I, Indefinite Active, . Broken - Participle II, Indefinite Active, .
1. The work begun by him is very important.
2. The corrected texts were on the table.
3. The man sitting at the window made an interesting report yesterday.
4. While seeing the film, I remembered my childhood.
III. . , . .
1. He devoted the rest of his life to cultivating roses.
2. Lord Goring liked to speak paradoxes and enjoyed being misunderstood.
3. The mother thanked the doctor heartily, for having saved her childs life.
4. We are tired of listening to your complaints.
IV. . , - that one.
1. These shoes are too large; show me smaller ones, please.
2. I dont like this method, lets use another one.
3. It is a very interesting book but not more than that of my sister.
4. This armchair is more comfortable than that in the corner of the room.
V. .
HEALTH
We are healthy when all parts of our bodies and of our minds work together properly. We cannot be happy unless we feel well.
The ancient Greeks knew the value of good health. They even named one goddess Hygeia, which means goddess of health. Hygeia was the daughter of Asclepius, the god of medicine. The Greeks prayed to her to give them good health.
The Romans spoke of health in a proverb: "A healthy mind in a healthy body." In addition to physical health, an understanding of mental health is also important. The body does a great deal to take care of itself, but by learning a few important health rules, it is possible to help the body to work at its best.
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Many people will say: "Good health means not being ill." That is true. But health is more than that. Good health is something positive. We have good health when our bodies and our minds are able to work at their best.
The human body is much more complicated than any machine. Yet it needs less day-to-day care than machine. No machine can do all the things the body can do. No machine will work for 70 years.
2.
I. . . .
(. 1 1)
1. The teacher allowed us to use reference material while writing the report.
2. We were sorry to find out that most of the museums we wanted to see that day were closed.
3. One of the students had to miss quite a number of lessons.
4. To go on with this discussion is to waste time.
II. . I II, . .
(. 2 1)
1. Being late for the talks, they left before the party was over.
2. Not knowing the grammar rules, he made many mistakes.
3. I read several books translated into Russian by this author.
4. Some stamps collected by him are very curious.
III. . , . .
1. She enjoyed being admired.
2. I remember meeting him in Paris.
3. The child was afraid of being punished.
4. Everything depends on the contract being cancelled in time.
IV. . , - that one.
1. This computer is more powerful than the one we need.
2. Many people who do not get a new job after quitting the old one often leave the labour force to return to studying.
3. This dress is more beautiful than that of my friend.
4. This test is simpler than that we had last week.
V. .
The capital of the USA is Washington. It is situated in the District of Columbia on the banks of the Potomac river and is named after the 1st US President -George Washington. There are many large cities in the country: New York, Los Angeles, Chicago, Philadelphia, Detroit, San-Francisco, Cleveland and some others.
The United States of America is a federal state, headed by the President. According to the US Constitution the powers of the Government are divided into 3 branches: legislative, executive and judicial.
The legislative powerbelongs to the Congress consisting of the Senate and the House of Representatives. The Senate represents the states while the House of Representatives - the population. The executive power belongs to the President and his Administration (Vice-President and Cabinet of Ministers). The judicial power belongsto the Supreme Court and the system of Federal, state and district courts.
There are several political parties in the USA, the largest of them are the Republican (symbolized by a donkey)and the Democratic (symbolized by an elephant).
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The USA is a highly developed industrial country. The transport network spreads into all sections of the country, but the web of railways and highways is much denser in the eastern half of the United States.
In the early 1990s the United States had about 6.24 million km of streets, roads, and highways. The National Interstate Highway System, 68,449 km in length in the early 1990s, connected the nation's principal cities and carried about one-fifth of all the road and street traffic.
More than 188 million motor vehicles were registered in the early 1990s. More than three-quarters were cars - one for every two persons in the country. About one-fifth of the vehicles were Lorries. Amtrak (the National Railroad Passenger Corporation), a federally subsidized concern, operates almost all the inter-city passenger trains in the United States; it carried more than 22 million passengers annually in the early 1990s.
3.
I. . . .
(. 1 1)
1. They expected the meeting to be held in a conference hall.
2. One of the students was suddenly taken ill and had to be operated on immediately.
3. Im sorry to have taken so much of your time.
4. It all sounds too good to be true.
II. . I II, . .
(. 2 1)
1. Being proud of his father he often speaks about him.
2. When speaking at the meeting I forgot to mention this fact.
3. Some questions touched upon in the report are worth careful consideration.
4. Houses built several years ago are not so comfortable as modern ones.
III. . , . .
1. The witness said that he didnt remember ever seeing that man before.
2. Can I rely on your setting the matter in the right way?
3. He blamed the young mother for letting the child swim in cold water.
4. The father praised the child for being so brave.
IV. . , - that one.
1. A worker in the United Kingdom earns more than the one in India.
2. This English book is too easy for me. Please give me a more difficult one.
3. The height of this new house is larger than that of the old one.
4. She said she liked this dress more than that she had bought earlier.
V. .
MOSCOW STATE UNIVERSITY
Moscow State University is the oldest, autonomous, self-governing and state-supported institution of higher learning, founded in 1755 by the scientist Mikhail Vasilyevich Lomonosov. Located in Moscow, the university is composed of faculties of biology, chemistry, computational mathematics and cybernetics, economics, foreign languages, fundamental medicine, geography, geology, history, journalism, law, mechanics and mathematics, physics, psychology, sociology, and soil sciences, as well as an institute of Asian and African Studies. Several museums, colleges, and a number of institutes are affiliated with Moscow University, and a preparatory faculty teaches Russian language and other subjects to foreign students.
Except for the science faculties and some of the arts faculties - which are situated in south-western Moscow - the remainders of the faculties are located in the older university buildings in the centre of the city. A diploma in a given field of study is awarded after five or five and a half years of study. After three additional years and the completion of a thesis, the candidate of science degree is awarded. The highest degree, the Doctor of Sciences, may be attained upon completion of a thesis based on independent research.
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4.
I. . . .
(. 1 1)
1. What makes him be so jealous of his friends success?
2. We didnt expect the boy to turn up so soon.
3. We assembled to discuss and arrange our plans.
4. They were lucky to have been taught by such a good teacher.
II. . I II, . .
(. 2 1)
1. What is the name of the man speaking on the phone now?
2. Having arrived two days before the opening of the conference they had enough time to go sightseeing.
3. Being an experienced doctor, he saw immediately that the patient must go to the hospital.
4. I felt very tired, having worked the whole day in the sun.
III. . , . .
1. I dont mind helping you, but I object to being disturbed when I am busy.
2. Thank you for letting me know about it.
3. Nobody is interested in concealing these facts.
4. All her life she has been busy taking care of her children.
IV. . , - that one.
1. We want to buy a big TV for the sitting-room and a smaller one for the kitchen.
2. This pictures are too dark; I saw better ones in a shop in our street.
3. This question is more important than that of the yesterday meeting.
4. A student studying economies can expect higher earnings than that of a student studying philosophy.
V. .
HISTORY OF LONDON
The Romans were the first to settle and occupy the Celtic fortress of Londinium. London soon became a busy commercial and administrative settlement.
The Roman Empire fell in the 5th century. London has maintained its trading activity. In the 9th century Danish invaders destroyed much of the city. They were followed by the Saxons led by King Alfred the Great, who entered the city in 886. The Danes remained a powerful force in England, however, and it was not until the reign of Edward the Confessor, which began in 1042, that civic stability was re-established, to be cemented by the Norman Conquest in 1066.
In 1665, London had been devastated first by the Great Plague, and then by the Fire of London, which destroyed most of the city the following year. During the reconstruction of the city, following the original street pattern, the architect Sir Christopher Wren was given responsibility for the design of a number of State-funded buildings, including St. Paul's Cathedral.
In the 19th century London's population began to rise still more rapidly: it increased sixfold over the century as a whole, thanks to influx from all over the British Isles, from Britain's colonies, and from continental Europe, The Industrial Revolution was creating huge numbers of jobs, but never enough to satisfy the hopes of all the poor people who came to the capital. The novels of Charles Dickens tell us about the social problems of that period.
The First World War had little effect on London, but the Depression that followed in the late 1920s and early 1930s hit the whole country, including the capital. There were hunger marches and riots. London was to pay far more dearly during World War II. The intensive bombing of London (The Blitz) in 1940-1941 took the lives of 10,000 people and left 17,000 injured. Countless historic buildings were damaged, including the Houses of Parliament.
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After the war London was to re-emerge as a radically different city. The docks had been so severely damaged that reconstruction, a very expensive process, was not reasonable. By the end of the 1950s most of the war damage had been repaired.
5.
I. . . .
(. 1 1)
1. I hope to enter Moscow State University.
2. He was very sorry to have missed so many lessons just before the exam.
3. A celebration such as this was a chance not to be missed.
4. They waited in silence for their dinner to be served.
II. . I II, . .
(. 2 1)
1. Having knocked twice and not having received an answer, they decided that there was nobody in.
2. Having been kept without water for a long time, the flowers faded.
3. Not having done the work in time, I had to apologize to them.
4. The news received yesterday impressed everybody greatly.
III. . , . .
1. I got interested in the man who was responsible for arranging English parties.
2. I am looking forward to seeing you again.
3. I dont feel like going for a walk.
4. He was fond of reading adventure books.
IV. . , - that one.
1. The methods they use are not the ones that lead to success.
2. I think this show will be more interesting than the last one.
3. The properties of this material are the same as those of that one.
4. The quality of the goods sold in the market is lower than that of good produced by our company.
V. .
THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
The United States of America is the 4th largest country in the world after Russia, Canada and China. It occupies the central part of the North American continent.
The United States of America is a federal republic, consisting of 50 states including the states of Alaska and Hawaii. Outlying areasinclude Puerto Rico, American Samoa, Guam, and the US Virgin Islands.
The northern boundary is partly formed by the Great Lakes and the St Lawrence River; the southern boundary is partly formed by the Rio Grande. United States also has a sea-border with Russia.
The total area of the United States (including the District of Columbia)is about 9,809,000 sq km.
The country is washed by 3 oceans: the Arctic, the Atlantic and the Pacific. The country has many lakes, with the Great Lakes included.There are also many rivers on the US territory. The longest of them are the Mississippi, the Missouri, the Columbia, the Rio Grande and some others. On the US territory there are mountains and lowlands. The highest mountains are the Rocky Mountains, the Cordillera and the Sierra Nevada. The highest peak,Mount McKinley, is locatedin Alaska.
The climate conditions are rather different. The country is rich in natural and mineral resources: oil, gas, iron ore, coal and various metals.
The USA is a highly developed industrial and agricultural country. The main industrial branches are aircraft,rocket, automobile, electronics, radio-engineering and others.
Americans are made upfrom nearly all races and nations. The country population is over 250 mln. The national symbol of the USA is its national flag Stars and Stripes,having 50 white stars and 13 white and red stripes on its field, symbolizingthe number of the original and present day states.
Officially the country comprises 50 states and one District of Columbia. The states differ in size, population and economic development. Each state has its own capital.
