C:
2012
As of 1 October 2013, Central Asia
publications are listed under the Europe
and Central Asia program.
Ukraine
Ukraine: Running out of Time, Europe Report N231, 14 May 2014.
Eastern Ukraine: A Dangerous Winter, Europe Report N235, 18 December 2014.
The Ukraine Crisis: Risks of Renewed Military Conflict after Minsk II, Europe Briefing N73, 1 April 2015.
Central Asia
Kyrgyzstan: Widening Ethnic Divisions in the South, Asia Report N222, 29 March 2012.
Kazakhstan: Waiting for Change, Asia Report N251, 30 September 2013.
Water Pressures in Central Asia, Europe and Central Asia Report N233, 11 September 2014.
Syria Calling: Radicalisation in Central Asia, Europe and Central Asia Briefing N72, 20 January 2015 (also available in Russian).
Stress Tests for Kazakhstan, Europe and Central Asia Briefing N74.
Balkans
Kosovo and Serbia: A Little Goodwill Could Go a Long Way, Europe Report N215, 2 February 2012.
Bosnias Gordian Knot: Constitutional Reform, Europe Briefing N68, 12 July 2012 (also available in Bosnian).
Setting Kosovo Free: Remaining Challenges, Europe Report N218, 10 September 2012.
Serbia and Kosovo: The Path to Normalisation, Europe Report N223, 19 February 2013 (also available in Albanian and Serbian).
Bosnias Dangerous Tango: Islam and Nationalism, Europe Briefing N70, 26 February 2013 (also available in Bosnian).
Bosnias Future, Europe Report N232, 10 July 2014.
Caucasus
Tackling Azerbaijans IDP Burden, Europe Briefing N67, 27 February 2012 (also available in Russian).
Armenia: An Opportunity for Statesmanship, Europe Report N217, 25 June 2012.
The North Caucasus: The Challenges of Integration (I), Ethnicity and Conflict, Europe Report N220, 19 October 2012 (also available in Russian).
The North Caucasus: The Challenges of Integration (II), Islam, the Insurgency and Counter-Insurgency, Europe Report N221, 19 October 2012 (also available in Russian).
Abkhazia: The Long Road to Reconciliation, Europe Report N224, 10 April 2013.
The North Caucasus: The Challenges of Integration (III), Governance, Elections, Rule of Law, Europe Report N226, 6 September 2013 (also available in Russian).
Armenia and Azerbaijan: A Season of Risks, Europe Briefing N71, 26 September 2013 (also available in Russian).
Too Far, Too Fast: Sochi, Tourism and Conflict in the Caucasus, Europe Report N228, 30 January 2014 (also available in Russian).
Cyprus
Aphrodites Gift: Can Cypriot Gas Power a New Dialogue?, Europe Report N216, 2 April 2012 (also available in Greek and Turkish).
Divided Cyprus: Coming to Terms on an Imperfect Reality, Europe Report N229, 14 March 2014 (also available in Greek and Turkish).
Turkey
Turkey and Greece: Time to Settle the Aegean Dispute, Europe Briefing N64, 19 July 2011 (also available in Turkish and Greek).
Turkey: Ending the PKK Insurgency, Europe Report N213, 20 September 2011 (also available in Turkish).
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Turkey: The PKK and a Kurdish Settlement,Europe Report N219, 11 September 2012 (also available in Turkish).
Turkeys Kurdish Impasse: The View from Diyarbakır, Europe Report N222, 30 November 2012 (also available in Turkish).
Blurring the Borders: Syrian Spillover Risks for Turkey, Europe Report N225, 30 April 2013.
Crying Wolf: Why Turkish Fears Need Not Block Kurdish Reform, Europe Report N227, 7 October 2013 (also available in Turkish).
The Rising Costs of Turkey's Syrian Quagmire, Europe Report N230, 30 April 2014.
Turkey and the PKK: Saving the Peace Process, Europe Report N234, 6 November 2014 (also available in Turkish).
D:
PRESIDENT & CEO
Jean-Marie Guéhenno
Former UN Under-Secretary-General for Peacekeeping Operations
CO-CHAIRS
Lord (Mark) Malloch-Brown
Former UN Deputy Secretary-General and Administrator of the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP)
Ghassan Salamé
Dean, Paris School of International Affairs, Sciences Po
VICE-CHAIR
Ayo Obe
Legal Practitioner, Columnist and TV Presenter, Nigeria
OTHER TRUSTEES
Morton Abramowitz
Former U.S. Assistant Secretary of State and Ambassador to Turkey
Hushang Ansary
Chairman, Parman Capital Group LLC
Nahum Barnea
Political Columnist, Israel
Samuel Berger
Chair, Albright Stonebridge Group LLC; Former U.S. National Security Adviser
Carl Bildt
Former Foreign Minister of Sweden
Emma Bonino
Former Foreign Minister of Italy and Vice-President of the Senate; Former European Commissioner for Humanitarian Aid
Micheline Calmy-Rey
Former President of the Swiss Confederation and Foreign Affairs Minister
Cheryl Carolus
Former South African High Commissioner to the UK and Secretary General of the African National Congress (ANC)
Maria Livanos Cattaui
Former Secretary-General of the International Chamber of Commerce
Wesley Clark
Former NATO Supreme Allied Commander
Sheila Coronel
Toni Stabile Professor of Practice in Investigative Journalism; Director, Toni Stabile Center for Investigative Journalism, Columbia University, U.S.
Mark Eyskens
Former Prime Minister of Belgium
Lykke Friis
Prorector For Education at the University of Copenhagen. Former Climate & Energy Minister and Minister of Gender Equality of Denmark
Frank Giustra
President & CEO, Fiore Financial Corporation
Mo Ibrahim
Founder and Chair, Mo Ibrahim Foundation; Founder, Celtel International
Wolfgang Ischinger
Chairman, Munich Security Conference; Former German Deputy Foreign Minister and Ambassador to the UK and U.S.
Asma Jahangir
Former President of the Supreme Court Bar Association of Pakistan; Former UN Special Rapporteur on the Freedom of Religion or Belief
Yoriko Kawaguchi
Former Minister for Foreign Affairs, Japan
Wadah Khanfar
Co-Founder, Al Sharq Forum; Former Director General, Al Jazeera Network
Wim Kok
Former Prime Minister of the Netherlands
Ricardo Lagos
Former President of Chile
Joanne Leedom-Ackerman
Former International Secretary of PEN International; Novelist and journalist, U.S.
Sankie Mthembi-Mahanyele
Chairperson of Central Energy Fund, Ltd.; Former Deputy Secretary General of the African National Congress (ANC)
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Lalit Mansingh
Former Foreign Secretary of India, Ambassador to the U.S. and High Commissioner to the UK
Thomas R Pickering
Former U.S. Undersecretary of State and Ambassador to the UN, Russia, India, Israel, Jordan, El Salvador and Nigeria
Karim Raslan
Founder & CEO of the KRA Group
Olympia Snowe
Former U.S. Senator and member of the House of Representatives
George Soros
Founder, Open Society Foundations and Chair, Soros Fund Management
Javier Solana
President, ESADE Center for
Global Economy and Geopolitics; Distinguished Fellow, The Brookings Institution
Pär Stenbäck
Former Minister of Foreign Affairs and of Education, Finland. Chairman of the European Cultural Parliament
Jonas Gahr Støre
Leader of Norwegian Labour Party; Former Foreign Minister
Lawrence H. Summers
Former Director of the U.S. National Economic Council and Secretary of the U.S. Treasury; President Emeritus of Harvard University
Wang Jisi
Member, Foreign Policy Advisory Committee of the Chinese Foreign Ministry; Former Dean of School of International Studies, Peking University
Wu Jianmin
Executive Vice Chairman, China Institute for Innovation and Development Strategy; Member, Foreign Policy Advisory Committee of the Chinese Foreign Ministry; Former Ambassador of China to the UN (Geneva) and France
Lionel Zinsou
Chairman and CEO, PAI Partners
.
PRESIDENTS COUNCIL
A distinguished group of individual and corporate donors providing essential support and expertise to Crisis Group.
CORPORATE
BP
Investec Asset Management
Shearman & Sterling LLP
Statoil (U.K.) Ltd.
White & Case LLP
INDIVIDUAL
Anonymous (5)
Scott Bessent
David Brown & Erika Franke
Stephen & Jennifer Dattels
Herman De Bode
Andrew Groves
Frank Holmes
Reynold Levy
Ford Nicholson & Lisa Wolverton
Maureen White
INTERNATIONAL ADVISORY COUNCIL
Individual and corporate supporters who play a key role in Crisis Groups efforts to prevent deadly conflict.
CORPORATE
APCO Worldwide Inc.
Atlas Copco AB
BG Group plc
Chevron
Equinox Partners
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MasterCard
MetLife
Shell
Yapı Merkezi Construction and Industry Inc.
INDIVIDUAL
Anonymous
Stanley Bergman & Edward Bergman
Elizabeth Bohart
Neil & Sandra DeFeo Family Foundation
Joseph Edelman
Neemat Frem
Seth & Jane Ginns
Ronald Glickman
Rita E. Hauser
Geoffrey Hsu
George Kellner
Faisel Khan
Cleopatra Kitti
David Levy
Leslie Lishon
Ana Luisa Ponti & Geoffrey R. Hoguet
Kerry Propper
Michael L. Riordan
Nina K. Solarz
Horst Sporer
VIVA Trust
SENIOR ADVISERS
Former Board Members who maintain an association with Crisis Group, and whose advice and support are called on (to the extent consistent with any other office they may be holding at the time).
Martti Ahtisaari
Chairman Emeritus
George Mitchell
Chairman Emeritus
Gareth Evans
President Emeritus
Kenneth Adelman
Adnan Abu-Odeh
HRH Prince Turki al-Faisal
Óscar Arias
Ersin Arıoğlu
Richard Armitage
Diego Arria
Zainab Bangura
Shlomo Ben-Ami
Christoph Bertram
Alan Blinken
Lakhdar Brahimi
Zbigniew Brzezinski
Kim Campbell
Jorge Castañeda
Naresh Chandra
Eugene Chien
Joaquim Alberto Chissano
Victor Chu
Mong Joon Chung
Pat Cox
Gianfranco DellAlba
Jacques Delors
Alain Destexhe
Mou-Shih Ding
Uffe Ellemann-Jensen
Gernot Erler
Marika Fahlén
Stanley Fischer
Malcolm Fraser
Carla Hills
Swanee Hunt
James V. Kimsey
Aleksander Kwasniewski
Todung Mulya Lubis
Allan J. MacEachen
Graça Machel
Jessica T. Mathews
Barbara McDougall
Matthew McHugh
Miklós Németh
Christine Ockrent
Timothy Ong
Olara Otunnu
Lord (Christopher) Patten
Shimon Peres
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Victor Pinchuk
Surin Pitsuwan
Cyril Ramaphosa
Fidel V. Ramos
[1] . () 220, 221, 226: : (I): , : (II): , , 19 2012 .; : (III): , , , 6 2013 .
[2] . , 14 2013 . , , 27 2014 . . .
[3] , 2/2010, 2010 .
[4]: , ., 6 2014 . , Regnum, 24 2014 .
[5]BattleforUkraine:HowtheWestlostPutin [: , http://inosmi.ru/world/20150207/226111036.html], FinancialTimes, 2 2015 .
[6] , Regnum, . .
[7] , 2013 . , 80 % - .AnnualReportSituationofAsylumintheEuropeanUnion 2013 [ , 2013 .], , 2014 . : , --, 4 2014 .
[8] - . 220 : (I), 19 2012 ., . 1220.
[9] , , 25 2007 . , . . , ., 19 2004 . , , , 1997 . .
[10] 1994 .
[11] () , , 28 2001 .
[12] , StateandviolenceinChechnya (19971999), [ (19971999 .)] Chechnyaatwarandbeyond [ ] . , , -(-, 2014 .).
[13] . , SufisminChechnya [ ], , . 133152.
[14] () 1999 , . , (416 1999 .) . 307 , 1700. , - . , 1999: ?, .ru, 11 2002 . 19992009 . , , 26 2009 .
[15] , ( ) . . , 95 % , 95 % . , , . (), () . . , , , , , 2005 .
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[16] ; , : , , 2009 .
[17] 2014 117 ; , , 293. . 2014 , , 31 2015 .
[18] , . .; : 2006 2007: 蔻, , 2007 .
[19] , , 8 2010 .; 㔻, , 20 2010 .
[20] Widespread torture in the Chechen Republic [ ], , 13 2006 . , . .; , . .
[21] , ., 24 2010 .; , , , 1 2015 .
[22] , . .; : , , , 2006 .; Widespreadtorture, . .
[23] , 40 200 2004 . , ., 11 2004 .; , , 19 2004 . 2004: . , , 17 2005 .
[24] , , 25 2013 .
[25] [ParliamentofChechnyaisdiscussingthecandidacyofRamzanKadyrov] RIANovosti, 2 March 2007.
[26]ScarsremainamidChechenrevival [ , ], BBCNews, 3 2007 .
[27] : (I), . ., . 1719.
[28] . : , -, 26 2014 .
[29] , , 15 2014 .
[30] (2002 ),www.eip.ru/; - 20082012 2012 , -, 17 2013 .
[31], , . ., . 59
[32] : !, Regnum, 17 2005 . , Newsru.com, 1 2005 .
[33] . , , 14 2006 .
[34] . - , , 23 2006 .
[35] . , , 16 2008 .; , , . ., . 70.
[36] , , , 17 2008 .; 221: : (II), 19 2012 ., . 2526.
[37] , . .
[38] , .ru, 22 2010 .
[39] , , 22 2010 .
[40] , . . , .ru, 23 2010 .
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[41] , , 21 2010 . . , .ru, 23 2010 . . , . . .
[42] . л, https://youtu.be/jylUfIvHqnY, , 24 2014 . - , , 11 2015 .
[43]Investigation Links Critics Death to Top Chechens [ ], The New York Times, 25 2010 . Israilov Case: Court in Vienna to reach verdict on murder of refugee who accused Chechen President Ramzan Kadyrov of torture [ : , ], , 31 2011 .; Slain Exile Detailed Cruelty of the Ruler of Chechnya [ ], The New York Times, 31 2009 . . , , 17 2010 .
[44] , - , Newsru.com, 24 2010 .
[45] : , , , 6 2008 .
[46] . , , 7 2013 .
[47] , , 4 2014 . . , Chechnya.gov.ru, 21 2015 .
[48]ParliamentaryHumanRightsGroup (PHRG) Report, ChechnyaFact-FindingMission [ . ], www.refworld.org, 10 2010 .
[49] , :http://youtu.be/mAT9UzA_Ync.
[50] , ; .
[51] 2007 72 , , 17 2008 . . 2010 2013 , , 21 2014 .
[52]24 , 26 2 ; 64 1 . . 2014 , , 31 2015 .
[53] 2014: , , , , 30 2014 .
[54] . : (II), . ., . 3540.
[55] 2004, . .; , . .; 20092010 .: , , 2010 ., . 1112. : ], , 2009 .; 211 2009 ., , 24 2009 . .Dontmentionthehumanrightsabuses!WhenGérardDepardieuandLizHurleywenttoChechnya [ , ո ], TheIndependent, 22 2013 .
[56] 30 2010 ., .
[57] , 54765/09. , , 2013 .
[58] , , 24 2014 .
[59] .
[60] 25 , , 12 2015 .
[61] : , , , 3 2010 .; : , NEWSru.com, 31 2007.
[62] , .ru, 25 2009 .
[63]SomeChechencommandersreaffirmloyaltytoUmarov [ ], / , 26 2011 .
[64]Syriacrisis:OmarShishani, Chechenjihadistleader [ : ], BBCNewsMiddleEast, 3 2013 . , Ļ, , 20 2013 .
[65] , 1tvnet, 18 2014 . - ( ), , 18 2014 . , YouTube, , , , .
[66] 씻, , 29 2014 .
[67] , , - 2014 2015 . , - 2015 . , , 29 2015 .
[68] , , 2014 .
[69] , , 23 2013 . , 2007 2012 . 2012 , 2013 , . . , , 9 2012 .; , http://economy-chr.ru .
[70] , , 2014 .
[71] , , 2014 .
[72] , , 2014 .
[73] , . , http://www.chechnya.gov.ru. Firdaws . http://dm-firdaws.ru/.
[74]. , http://youtu.be/tLdHEMoy_7k. , Newsru.com, 5 2013 .; . , http://youtu.be/b5cmSyRidWY; 1 , http://youtu.be/LLaRmaZJSS0.
[75] . , http://you
tu.be/ZDr1GYxwfqM; , , 22 2013 .
[76] , , 2014 .
[77] , , 2014 .
[78], , . ., . 89.
[79] , , 2014 .
[80] , -, 25 2014 . , , 2014 . . , . . , .
[81] -, ( ), 22 2011 . , , . ., . 115.
[82], , - , , , .
[83] 1934 , - (). . . - 1944 . , , 1944 . - , . , , . , , , 29 2013 .
[84]18 2013 300 , , . .
[85] , , 2014 .
[86] HollywoodstarsflyinonChechenleader'sbirthday [ ], BBC, 7 2011 . ո, , , - , , .
[87] - , -, 11 2013 . , Newsland, 27 2011 . . , SufisminChechnya", . ., . 230.
[88] , , 12 2013 .
[89] , , 2014 .
[90]TheU.S. shouldleavetheCaucasusalone:Chechenleader [ , ], RussiaToday, 27 2011 .
[91] : , Regions.ru, 27 2014 .
[92] , . 2015-?, , 2015 .
[93] , , 24 2014 . - , Newsru.com, 16 2014 .
[94] ѻ, , 26 2014 . , .
[95] . , 28 2014 ., http://youtu.be/osT9c
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[96] , .ru, 28 2014 .
[97] , , , 3 2014 . ( ). .
[98] . XII - -. - 18501860 . . - , .
[99] , (, ), , . . , () .
[100] . , SufisminChechnya", . ., . 230.
[101] , , .ru, 12 2012 .; , , 3 2015 .
[102] -, Regnum, 9 2008 .; : , , .; , Tomsk.ru, 14 2014 .
[103] , 3. !, , 11 2012 ., 31 2010 .; , Ossetia.ru, 8 2012 .
[104] ?, , 11 2009 . : , , 19 2015 .
[105]LeadersHailMuslimProphet, AssailWestatHugeChechnyaRally [ ], / , 19 2015 .
[106] . , SufisminChechnya, . ., . 231.
[107]- , , , 22 2014 . ( ).
[108] , , 15 2014 . ( ). .
[109] , , , 31 2014 . ( ). . XVIII , .
[110] , .
[111] , -, , , 2014 . : , , 16 2014 .
[112] - , л, , , 20 2014 . ( ). .
[113] , , 2014 . - , , 18 2014 .
[114] -, http://youtu.be/iZS3d-habuE, 12 2013 .
[115]: , , 12 2015 . , , , 26 2015 ., 13 2015 .
[116] , , 2014 .
[117] , , 2014 .
[118] 1980- . . . www.memo.ru/d/194575.html, . 1213.
[119] , http://www.serdce-chechni.ru.
[120] , , , Newsru.com, 1 2010 .
[121] ( ), VirtueCampaignforWomeninChechnyaunderRamzanKadyrov: BetweenWarBacklashEffectandDesireforTotalControl [ : ], (-, 2014), .236-255.
[122] , 2014 . , () - ( ).
[123] , , 31 2014 . ( ).
[124] : , , 15 2014 .
[125] . , , 15 2012 . , , . - , . .
[126] , . . () : (IV): ( 2015).
[127] ? ( ), -, 1 2011 .
[128] 31 2014 2014 2015 2016 ┻, ., 15 2014 .
[129] - 2014 , , .
[130] , , 17 2013 ., 31 2013 . M. ,ReconstructioninChechnya: attheintersectionbetweenpoliticsandtheeconomy [ : ] Chechnyaatwarandbeyond, . ., . 84, 133152.
[131] , , 2014 .
[132] , , 2014 .
[133] , , 2014 .
[134] , , 2014 .
[135] , , 2013 ., 2014 .; ( ), , 2014 .
[136] , , 2012 .
[137] , 21 2013 . .
[138] , , 2014 .; , , 2014 .
[139] , , 2014 .; , , 11 2013 .; , , , 19 2013 .
[140] ; , . , . 400 . (12,5 . ).
[141] , , 2014 .
[142] 600 (18 ). , , 28 2012 .
[143] , 2013 .; : , , 29 2013 .
[144] , , 2014 .
[145] - , Forbes, 11 2013 .
[146] : - , , ; : , , 1 2011 ., 10 2014 .
[147] , , 22 2011 . , , 2012 .
[148] , 2013 .
[149] , , 25 2012 .
[150] , , 2014 .
[151] , , , 20122013 .
[152] . , , 1 2015 .
[153] , , 3 2010 .
[154] . : (IV), . .
[155] , , 5 2013 .
[156] : 2014 , ,Regnum, 29 2014 . : , ,, 7 2013.
[157] . : (IV), . .
[158] 13 .
[159] , , 26 2010 . , , 29 2009 .; , 17 2009 . , , , 27 2010 .
[160]Worse Than a War. Disappearances in Chechnya a Crime Against Humanity [, . ], , 2005.
[161]The DirtyWar inChechnya:ForcedDisappearances, TortureandSummaryxecutions [ : , ], , 1 2001 . , -, 12 2006 .
[162] (), , 2013 . . : , , - , 13 2002 . : (I), . ., . 1220.
[163] . () 226: : (III): , , , 6 2013 ., . 32-47.
[164] , , 11 2014 .
[165]- , , 11 2014 .
[166] 3 . , , 16 2014 .; MonitoringRightsintheChechenRegion, aMonthataTime [ ], TheNewYorkTimes, 24 2011 .; , , , 18 2012 .; : . 2013 2014 ., , 2014 .
[167] , , , 27 2014 .
[168] - -, , 13 2013 .
[169] , [] - 27 6 2011 , , 24 2013 .
[170] , 2006 2012 , , 8 2012 .
[171]Chechenforcesmayfacenewscrutinyoverabductions [ ], Reuters, 7 2011 .
[172] , , 17 2013 .
[173] ?, , 12 2011 . , , 10 2014 .
[174] , , 2014 .
[175] , . .
[176] -, , 25 2013 .
[177]BorisNemtsov, PutinFoe, IsShotDeadinShadowofKremlin [ ], TheNewYorkTimes, 27 2015 . , , 11 2015 .; , , , 13 2015 . , , 13 2015 .
[178] , , .ru, 10 2015 . 7 InsightsIntotheMindofRamzanKadyrov [7 ], TheMoscowTimes, 19 2015.
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[180] (), , 2014 .
[181] , , , 2014 ., , 2014 .
[182] , , , , , 2014 . 2013 , , 2014 .
[183] !, , 11 2013 .
[184] , , 13 2014 . , , , , 23 2014 .
[185] , , 18 2013 . 16 % , 1 %. , , , 18 2013 .
[186] : , , 9 2014 . . , 27 2014 ., http://youtu.be/9oLcYl8_yyw.
[187] , , 2014 . , , . : , ?, , 22 2015 .
[188]: , , , 7 2014 . 05.05.2014 130- .
[189]From Judgment to Justice.Implementing International and Regional Human Rights Decisions [. ], , 2011 .
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[201]FlamesandFearinChechnya [ ], , 2 2009 .; KadyrovsruleinspiresfearinChechnya [ ], TheWashingtonTimes, 20 2011 .; TsarnaevhomelandChechnya:rebuiltfromwar, ruledbyfear [ : , ], Reuters, 1 2013 .
[202] , , , 18 2013 . -, , 3 2014 .
[203] , 1738 (2010). : , Newsru.com, 27 2009 .
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[205] , , 2012 .
[206] . V.E . , , 2015.
[207] , , 2014 .
[208] , , 2014 .
[209] , , 2014 .
[210] , , 2014 .
[211]: , !, 26 2011 ., : http://youtu.be/D6S93jGGzW8.
[212] -, http://youtu.be/iZS3d-habuE, 12 2013 .
[213] : , , 1 2010 .
[214] , , 23 2011 .; , , 9 2011 .
[215] , 23 , , . ?, , 11 2014 .
[216] , ?, , 4 2014 .;: , , 9 2014.
[217]AFearlessActivistinaLandofThugs [ ], TheNewYorkTimes, 17 2009 .; , , 18 2009 .; ; , , 10 2009 ., 15 2009 . , , 25 2009 .; : , , 13 2012.
[218] , , 16 2009 . : , , 9 2009 .
[219] : , , , 18 2011 . , , 24 2013 .
[220] , , , 18 2012 .; : , , 15 2011 .; , . .
[221] , Esquire, 8 2011 .
[222] : , , 2010 . -, , 11 2014 .; : , , 14 2014 . Hammer-wieldingraidersstormhumanrightsgroupofficesinChechnya [ ], TheGuardian, 3 2015 . , .
[223] , . . , 3 2010 . , , 11 2014 .
[224] , , , 25 2014 . , , 2008 .
[225]Parliamentary Human Rights Group (PHRG) Report, Chechnya Fact-Finding Mission, . .
[226] , , 2014 .; , , 2014 .
[227]Parliamentary Human Rights Group (PHRG) Report, Chechnya Fact-Finding Mission, . .