- . . , . , . , . .
. . .
, (NH4Cl NH3 + HCl; 3H2 + N2 2NH3), () , Fe1- , = 0,1 0,2.
. , , , . , 2 2:1. , , . , , ҳ0,58-1,33, ҳ1,46‑1,56, ҳ1,9-2,0, .
. , . .
ճ () () , ó, ó . . , () = 0,5 , 2 ó.
() . /. , () = 8 /.
m 1 i m 2 , 1 2 , 1 2 − , ν1, ν2 − .
1. 2S.
:
1. (S) -?, (S) -?
H2S 2 ó 1 1 ó 0,5 . , (S) 0,5 , (S) = 0,5 .32 = 16 /.
³: (S) 0,5 , (S) 16 /.
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, .
2. 5 9,44 . .
:
1. m (O) -?
m (O) = m () m () = 9,44 5,0 = 4,44 ()
2. () ?
8 /. :
³: 9,01 /.
:
() = 1/ f, , () = ()/ f, /, f −
) () = ()/ f. f +, .
H2SO4 + NaOH NaHSO4 + H2O H2SO4 , (H2SO4) = 98 /.
) () = ()/ f, f −, .
Al(OH)3 + H2SO4 Al(OH)SO4 + 2H2O Al(OH)3 0,5 , (l()3) = 39 /.
) () = ()/ f, f = n∙m, n , , m .
NaH2PO4 + 2NaOH Na3PO4 + 2H2O NaH2PO4 0,5 , (NaH2PO4) = 60 /.
) () = ()/ f, f = n∙m, n ( ), m .
l23 = (l23)/ 2.3 = 1/6 , (l23) = 17 /.
) () = / f, , f = n . , () = 16/2 = 8 /.
) .
, M (MgSO4) = ME (Mg2+) + ME (SO42-) = 12 + 49 = 61 (/).
, , .
¢, ᒺ, 1 . V () = VM ()/ f
, ᒺ .. VE (H2) 11,2 / ( 1 0,5 2, 1 2 ᒺ 22,4 ..), - 5,6 /.
3. , 8,34 0,68 (..).
:
() -?
() :
2. () -?
E () = A / n, A = E (). n = 68,8 . 2 = 137,6 /.
³: 137,6 /.
1. . .
2. ? ?
3. ó ? ` ?
4. . .
5. ? ? ? ? ?
6. 34 u()2 :
a) H3PO4 + 3KOH K3PO4 + 3H2O;
) H3PO4 + 2KOH K2HPO4 + 2H2O;
) Cu(OH)2 + 2HCl CuCl2 + 2H2O;
) Cu(OH)2 + HCl CuCl + H2O.
7. : CuSO4.5H2O, CrCl3, Cr2(SO4)3, KAl(SO4)2, Na2SO4.7H2O, Na2HPO4.12H2O.
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8. : CuSO4.5H2O, Cr2O3, KCr(SO4)2, Ni(OH)2, K2CO3, Mg3(PO4)2.
9. , 0,53 520 16 (2 + 2) 99700 (748 . .). 1800 (13,5 . .).
10. , 䳿 7,2 28,3 . 35,5 /.
11. (..) 56 , 71,43 % ? ?
