, , , , , .
- [2, 3].
, ,
σ≤[σ] τ≤[τ] (4.4)
σ τ - ; [σ] [τ] - .
() σ τ :
σ ≤ [σ] (4.5)
σ = - .
, , . .
( ).
σ ≤ [σ] (4.6)
σ > (4.7)
[σ] - ; q - ; ς - ; - ; ν - .
, , ,
, .
.
.
, . , , , , .
(4.4), :
S = ≥[S]; S = ≥[S]; (4.8)
S ; σ τ - ; [S] .
Sσ Sσ = σ ∕ σmax = 1,5 2,0.
, , , .
σmax τmax
|
|
σmax = σa σd + σm Ψσ (4.9)
τ max = τa τ d + τm Ψτ
σa, σm,τa,τm - ;
σq =Kσ ⁄ Kσd + 1 ⁄ β-1; τq =Kτ ∕ Kτd + 1 ∕ β-1
;
σ τ - ;
σd - , ;
β - , ( );
Ψσ Ψτ - , .
S = [S] (4.10)
[S] ≥ 1,5
:
[σ] = σ ⁄ S (4.11)
σ , .
Ƹ - [2, 3, 13]. (, , ) .
, .
f φ θ :
- fmax ≤ [f] (4/12)
- φmax ≤[φ] (4.13)
- θmax ≤[θ] (4.14)
. . - , , ( ), .
, , .
, :
.= N.τ = wτ = V ∕ K (4.15)
N - , τ - , ;
w ; V ; K - .
, S:
σm. S = const (4.16)
m 1 3; , ; 3.
.
|
|
( ) , . , .
, , .
: Q1 = Q2:
P(1-η) = KS(t1 t2) (4.17)
P . ; η - ; /2; S , 2; t1 ; t2 .
(4.17) ; . .
- .
. , , . , .
. ().
5.
5.1
. () , . .
, [1]
, .
.
, X , : 0, 1, 2 :
= f(0 , 1 , 2 n) = f(i) (5.1)
, , .
() :
+Δ = f(i + Δi) (5.2)
(5.2) ( Δi), :
(5.3)
Δ =
, Δ Δi ( ), Δ Δ . . . . , , , . . - (.5.1)
|
|
. 5.1. - .
1. l Δl. , Δl . (. 5.2).
5.2
: ; ; .
, , V = V + V Δ1:
Δ1 = ΔlPb ⁄ (5.4)
2. , Δr (.5.2)
Δ2
(5.5)
3. , 0 Δr0 (.5.2). :
(5.6)
3 :
Δx = Δx1 + Δx 2 + Δx3 (5.7)
.
( ), .
, , :
ε max = x 3σx (5.8)
Δx - ; σx - I.
5.2. .