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| , , | ң ққ үң қң ұ қ қ ң қ ұқ қ ө | Congenital malformations - persistent morphological and functional changes of organs resulting from early ontogenetic development disorders |
| , () | ң (ң) құ қң ұ ң ққ | Gametopathies - congenital malformations caused by damage of structure and function of reproductive sells (gametes) |
| , | ұқң ң ұ ә ң ққ | Blastopathies - congenital malformations caused by damage of embryo development at the stage of blastula |
| - , | қ ұқң ң ұ ққ | Embryopathies - congenital malformations caused by damage of embryo development at the embryonic stage |
| - , () | ә (қ) ң ұ ққ үң ұ ққ | Fetopathies congenital malformations caused by damage of organ development which was initially well-formed |
| , | қғ ү ң ққ | Isolated congenital malformations occurred in a single organ |
| , | ү ү ң ққ | Systematic congenital malformations occurred in a single system |
| ө ә ө ү ң ққ | Multiple congenital malformations of two or more organs | |
| ққң ә ү | Teratogenesis process of arising and development of congenital malformations | |
| , | қ ұ, ң ққ қ | Teratogens environmental factors which interfere with normal ontogenetic development followed by emergence of congenital malformations |
| , () | ққң ә () ғ | Teratology science studying causes and mechanisms of congenital malformations development |
| iiң | Atresia - congenital absence of natural body orifice | |
| - | - қң | Stenosis narrowing of orifice |
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