7.2. : .
7.3. :
-
;
- -
, ;
- -
-
7.4. : (, , ), . - ( 2).
7.5. :
7.5.1. :
)
)
7.5.2. :
- 46, 1p2.2,
- 46, XY 3p12, p23,
- 46, XX 9p13, q23,
- 46, 8p11.
7.5.3. . . . . . . , 2004, . 28.
7.6. : .
7.7. :
:
7.6.1. .. . .: , 2003. . 163-168.
7.6.2. . . .. .: , 2006. . 68-77.
7.6.3. . . . ..
, 2004. . 19-28.
7.6.4. .., .. ( ). : , 2009. . 105-113.
7.6.5. .., .. . ., 2003. . 5-14.
7.6.6. Ққ .Ө., ұ Ұ.Ә. қ қ ң
-ққ ө. : , 2012.
:
7.6.7. .. . : .. -, 2007. . 244-251.
7.6.8. : /... .. .-.: -, 2012..33-69.
7.8. :
7.8.1. : - , .
7.8.2. , .
7.8.3. , - .
7.8.4. .
:
| - , (), | ә () қ, қ қ құ | Chromosomes intracellular structures localizel in nucleus and cytoplasm (mitochondrias), carriers of genetic information |
| үң ң қ ғң қ ә қ | Karyotype quantitative and morphological characteristic of diploid set of chromosomes of certain species | |
| , | , ө қ ұ ұғ қ; | Telomeres end parts of chromosomas without genes, consisting numerous from nucleotide sequences |
|
|
|
: . ..
5 ()
