- | - | : + 4, +2, - 4( ) | |||
Si | |||||
Ge | |||||
Sn | |||||
Pb |
.
1. . : , , , .
, , , , , . sp3-.
.
, , . sp2- , , .
.
.
, . , , , sp-: -≡-≡-≡-≡-
, .
- , C60, C70, . C1020. , . , . 2105 .
:
: , . | + 2F2 = CF4. |
: | 2 + 2() = 2 ( ), + 2() = 2( ). |
: . | + 2S = CS2 C + 2H2 t, Nià CH4 Ca + 2C = CaC2 + 4Al =Al43 |
: (II) : | C + H2O = CO + H2. |
: : | 2ZnO + C tà 2Zn + CO 4 + Fe3O4 tà 3Fe + 4CO |
(IV): | C + 2H2SO4 = CO2 + 2SO2 + 2H2O; C + 4HNO3 = CO2 + 4NO2 + 2H2O. |
- .
, | ||
SiC. , . | , : Al4C3, Be2C Al43+12HCl =4AlCl3+ 3CH4 | , : Na2C2, Ag2C2, CaC2 2+22O=(OH)2+22 Ag2C2 + 2HCl = 2AgCl + C2H2 |
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