THE CATEGORY OF MOOD
NON-FINITE FORMS
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The Verb: The Category of Mood. Non-finite Forms. - / . . . . , 2012. 96 .
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The Category of Mood
Mood is a verbal category, which expresses the relation of the situation described in the sentence to reality from the speakers point of view.
According to professor A.I. Smirnitsky there are six moods in Modern English (we share this point of view, too): two direct moods the indicative and the imperative, and four indirect (oblique) moods the Subjunctive I and Subjunctive II, the Conditional and the Suppositional.
Direct Moods
The direct moods present actions or states as real facts, e.g.: We are students (the indicative), Give me the book (the imperative).
The Indicative Mood shows that the action or state expressed by the verb is presented as a fact, as something which has occurred or is occurring at the moment of speaking or will occur in the future. It may denote actions with different time reference and different aspective characteristics. Therefore the indicative mood has a wide variety of tense and aspect forms in the active and passive voice, e.g.:
Her clothes are always being ridiculed.
We went home early in the evening.
We shall have known each other for two years by the end of this year.
The Indicative Mood is also used to express a real condition, i. e. a condition the realization of which is considered possible.
If Catherine disobeys, she will be disinherited.
In the Imperative Mood the speaker urges the person addressed to perform an action. This may be expressed in the form of a command, a request, a warning, etc. As the imperative mood does not actually denote a specific action it has no tense category; the action always refers to the future. Aspect distinctions and voice distinctions are not characteristic of it, although forms such as, be writing, be warned sometimes occur.
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The imperative mood form coincides with the plain stem of the verb, for example: Come here! Hurry! Leave the door open!
In forming the negative the auxiliary verb to do is always used, even with the verb to be, e. g.: Hush! Dont make a noise! Dont be angry!
The auxiliary verb to do may also be used in affirmative sentences to make the request more emphatic, e. g.: But now, do sing again to us. Do come and stay with us. Do tell me what he said.
A command or request addressed to the third person singular or plural is usually expressed with the help of the analytical form let + infinitive. When the person addressed is denoted by a personal pronoun,itis used in the objective case, e. g.: Let the child go home at once! Let her translate the leading article.
With the first person plural the verb to let is used to express an exhortation to a joint action, for example: Lets go and have some fresh coffee. Let us leave this place.
The subject of an imperative is seldom expressed unless it is emphatic. In Old English the pronoun subject was generally placed after the verb. This word order is still found in some set phrases, e. g.: Look you! Mind you! Go you!
In Modern English the subject expressed by the pronoun you is sometimes used to make a request or an order more emphatic. It is characteristic of colloquial speech, e. g.: Ill drive and you sleep awhile. Never you mind what I came here for.
The imperative mood is used only in imperative sentences and cant be used in questions.
Will you? very often follows the imperative. In such imperative sentences the order becomes modified by the addition of will you? into a kind of request, e. g.: Bring me my spectacles, will you? Just give me some money, will you?
