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- , , . 1973 , 1125 - , - * , , . , , , . , . , - (International Association for Cross-Cultural Psychology I, 1972), - (Society for Cross-Cultural Research SCCR, 1972) (Association pour la Recherche Interculturelle AR1C, 1984). - , . , - (Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 1970), (International Journal of Psychology, 1966), (Ethos, 1972), (InternationalJournal of InterculturalRelations, 1978). , (Mind, Culture and Activity, 1994), (Culture and Psychology, 1995) (Asian Journal of Social Psychology, 1998).
- - , (1979) 1980- . ( , , , 1990, 1999). , (1996) , , , ".
1974 - ***. , . , , - .
, , , - . 1972 , - : ,
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** . Serpell, 1976; Brislin, 1997; Matsumoto, 2000; Camilleri & Vinsonneau, 1996; Guerraoui & Troadec,
2000 Vinsonneau, 1997; Thomas, 1993.
*** W. J. Lonner J. W. Berry.
, . , , .
6- - . X. . *. - 1997 3 : I: **; II: ***; III: ****. , , .
* . Handbook of cross-cultural psychology H. . Triandis, 1980.
** . Theory and method, J. W. Berry, . . Poortinga J.Pandey.
*** . Basic processes and human development, J. W. Berry, P.R.Dasen T.S.Saraswathi.
**** Cm. Social behavior and applications, J. W. Berry, M. H. Segall, Kagitsibasi.
- ). , ( , ) . , . , . . , , . , , , . . , , , , , . , .
- - , , , , , , , , , . . , , , , , , , , , ( -, ). - , . - , , - . , -
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, , , . , , 17 , , . , , , . , , . , , , , . , , . , . , . , , , - . , (, -17 . Edgerton, 1974, . 63-64.
, , ). II ( ( ), ) , .
18 , , . , , ( XIX ), , (, XX ). , , ( . . 9) , . 19 -, , .
- . ( ) -
18 . Jahoda, 1990a; Jahoda & Krewer, 1997.
19 . Klineberg, 1980.
. 20, , . 21. ( ) - . , 22 - . , , . , . , , 23. . , .
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20 . Sumner, 1906.
21 . LeVine & Campbell, 1972.
22 . Herskovits, 1948.
23 , ,
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(Herskowitz),
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: ( ), ( ). , . : , . , 24 , - , ( ) . , , 25 , , : , , ? , .
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, 26: -
24 . Nisbet, 1971, . 95.
25 . Preiswerk & Perrot, 1978.
26 . Campbell, 1970.
- - . ( 1) , . - , ( 2) , 1. (1970, . 70), : , , , .
, 3 4. , , ( 3), ( 4). , , , , . () 1 4, 2 3. , (1 4) , , (2 3)
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27 . Kim & Berry, 1993; Sinha, 1997.
, .
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28, , . , , , , , . . 28 . Malinowski, 1924; Rivers, 1924.