16
1. .
1.1. - . . . , .
1.2. :
- ( 99,2 % (.));
- -0119 23343-78;
- -152 18099-78;
- 10214-78 1928-79 ( ).
1.3. - [5]:
, -1;
- =16,04:
- =113,2.
t p, C:
- t = 39 [1];
- t = 80.
, -3:
- = 850.
, 3:
- ;
- ; .
39 [5], :
-
=3,0
39 , 2 -1;
- W c = 10-6 3,0 = 3,1919 10-5.
1.4. [5]:
, :
- t = 21.
(), % (.):
- = 5,28;
- = 1,0.
, % (.):
- = 9,36;
- = 1,80 ().
1.5. .
1.5.1. : L = 264,7 , S = 30,54 , = 15,75 .
V = 264,7 30,54 15,75 = 127322,0 3
1.5.2. 0,00:
F = 264,7 30,54 = 8083,94 2
1.5.3. :
- ( /1) F1, = 1,75 3,49 = 6,11 2;
- ( -/1) F2, = 1,97 6,61 = 13,02 2;
- ( /-/1) F 3 , = 82,76 6,55 = 542,08 2;
- ( -1) F4, = 50,04 6,55 = 327,76 2;
- :
F = F1, + F2, + F3, + F4, = 6,11 + 13,02 + 542,08 + 327,76 = 888,97 2
1.5.4. :
F = F - F = 8083,94 - 888,97 = 7194,97 2.
1.5.5. F , :
V = 7194,97 15,75 = 113320,78 3
1.5.6. . 6,500:
- (. 6,500, /1, ):
V1, = 1,95 27,05 9,25 = 487,91 3;
- (. 6,500, /1, ):
V 2 , = 5,47 23,99 9,25 = 1213,83 3;
- (. 6,500, /2-/2):
V1, = 23,92 7,27 9,25 - 13,02 9,25 = 1488,12 3;
- (. 6,500, /1-):
V1, = 5,43 6,55 9,25 = 328,99 3;
- (. 6,500, /2-, ):
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V5, = 0,72 27,0 9,25 = 179,82 3;
- :
V1 -5 , = V1, + V2, + V3, + V4, + V5, = 3698,67 3.
1.5.7. V1 -5 , :
V1 = V - V1 -5 , = 113320,78 - 3698,67 = 109622,11 3.
1.5.8. . 12,030:
- (. 12,030, /3-/1):
V 1, = 10,5 6,55 3,72= 255,84 3;
- (. 6,500, /1-/3):
V 2,ep = 6,5 6,55 9,25 = 393,82 3;
- (. 12,030, /3-/1):
V 3, = 5,08 6,55 3,72 = 123,78 3;
- (. 7,800, -):
V 4,ep = 23,1 6,55 7,95 - 5,82 2,72 2,82 = 1158,23 3;
- (. 3,74, /1):
V 5,ep = 1,75 3,49 2,26 = 13,80 3;
- (. 3,040, -/1):
V 6,ep = 1,97 6,61 2,96 = 38,54 3;
- :
V 1-6,ep = V 1,ep + V 2,ep + V 3,ep + V 4,ep + V 5ep + V 6,ep = 1984,01 3
1.5.9. . -2,500 0,00 (L = 80,5 , S = 3,60¸6,40 , = 2,10¸2,20 ):
V = (1,90 6,40 + 2,40 5,00 + 1,40 4,00 + 6,40 3,10 + 66,4 2,60 + 2,0 2,50) 2,20 + 76,20 1,00 2,10 = 659,95 3.
1.5.10. - :
V = V 1 + V 1-6,ep + V = 109622,11 + 1984,01 + 659,95 = 112266,07 3.
1.5.11. - :
V = 0,8 V = 0,8 112266,07 = 89812,86 3 89813 3.
1.5.12. :
- -03 d = 15 ;
- -152 d = 20 .
1.5.13. :
- -03 G , = 3,97 -2 -1;
- -152 G = 4,2 -2 -1.
1.5.14. :
- -03 j , = 67 % (.);
- -152 j = 78 % (.).
1.5.15. :
- ( -03) G = 2,66 -2 -1;
- ( -152) G p= 3,276 -2 -1
1.5.16. :
-
n , = 407,3 2 -1 = 6,79 2 -1 = 0,1131 2 -1;
-
n , = 101,8 2 -1 = 1,70 2 -1 = 0,0283 2 -1.
1.5.17. , :
- -03 (),
n , = 101,8 15 2,66 10-3 = 4,0618 -1 = 0,001128 -1;
- -152 (),
n , = 101,8 20 3,276 l0-3 6,6699 -1 = 0,001853 -1;
- -152 (),
n , = 407,3 20 3,276 10-3 = 26,6863 -1 = 0,007413 -1.
2. .
2.1. , , .
2.1.1. = 178,4:
= 714 -1 = 0,19844 -1.
2.1.2. , d = 0,219 L = 1152 . 3.2 ) 3.8 105-95
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= 0,19844 300 + 0,01 3,14 178,4 1152 0,626 = 107,97 .
2.1.3. , , = 3600 = 1 [2] = 2 :
- , -152
m = 2 n , c T a = 2 26,6863 1 = 53,3726 ;
- , -03
= 2 n , = 2 4,0678 1 = 8,1236 ;
- , -152
m = 2 n , = 2 6,6699 1 = 13,3398 .
2.1.4. (), F = 226,84 2 = 3600 [2],
m = W F = 3,1919 10-5 226,84 3600 = 26,0658 .
2.2. .
2.2.1. , V = 60 = 0,06 3 d = d = 0,04 (L + L ) = 312 ,
m = n t + [ V + 0,785 ( L + L )] j =
= 2 0,007413 300 + [ 0,06 + 0,785 (0,042 156 + 0,042 156)] 0,78 850 = 304,04 .
2.2.2. F , (2) -152
2
2.2.3. (), -152 ,
= + W F , = 26,0658 + 3,1919 10-5 458,6 3600= 78,7628 .
2.2.4. (), (. 2.1.3),
= m + m + m = 53,3726 + 8,1236 + 13,3398 = 74,836 .
2.2.5. m , (), , m , = + = 78,7628 + 74,836 = 153,5988 .
2.3. , .
2.3.1. (), -152 (. 2.2.3).
2.3.2. , , , , , :
- -03,
F = 260 2;
= G F d = 2 2,66 10-3 260 15 = 20,7480 ;
- -03,
F = 227,5 2;
= G F d = 2,66 10-3 227,5 15 = 9,0772 ;
- -152,
F =305,5 2;
m = G F d = 2 3,276 10-3 305,5 20 = 40,0327 ;
- -152,
F c = 500,5 2;
= G p F d = 3,276 10-3 500,5 20 = 32,7928 ;
- -152,
F = 533 2;
= G F d = 2 3,276 10-3 533 20 = 69,8443 ;
- -152,
F = 1092 2;
= G F c d = 3,276 10-3 1092 20 = 71,5478 .
2.4. , , .
24.1. , (. 2.1.2).
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2.4.2. , (. 2.3.2 2.1.4).
3. D (1) 105-95.
3.1. , , :
5 , , - .
3.2. :
5 , , - .
3.3. , :
5 , - .
3.4. , , :
5 , , - .
17
1. .
1.1. -10, - () -50. L x S x H = 54,012,012,7 .
V = 8229,6 3. V = 0,8 8229,6 = 6583,7 3 6584 3 F = 648 2. (m 1 = 20,7 ) -10 (m 2 = 2,36 ) L 1x S 1x H 1 = 1,51,01,0 (F 1 = 1,5 2). L 2x S 2x H 2 = 1,20,82,85 (F2 = 0,96 2) - V a = 3 = 0,003 3 ( ). -50 L 3x S 3x H 3 = 1,150,90,72 (F3 = 1,035 2, V3 = 0,7452 3) t = 140 . -50 m 3 = 538 . L 4x S 4 = 6,0 4,0 (F 4 = 24,0 2), m 4 = 24 m 5 = 1650 .
1.2. - . - - 10,521,0. - = 147,3 -1. -: = 7,13623; = 2218,3; A = 273,15. - t > 33 , -50 t = 200 , -10 t = 247 . t = 25 - r = 790 -3, -50 r = 903 -3, -10 r = 980 -3. - = = 43,966 -1 = 4,397 107 -1, -50 = 50460 - 8,545 r =50460 - 8,545 903 = 42744 -1 = 42,744 -1, = 13,272 -1, = 20,853 -1.
2. .
-. (. ) 2.01.01-82 t p = 35 . - t p = 35 r = 147,3/(22,413 (1 + 0,00367 35)) = 5,8240 -3. . 3.2 ) 105-95 = 3600 .
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3. V F - .3.2 105-95 :
V = V a = 0,003 3 = 3 ;
F =1,0 3 = 3 2
4. - t p = 35 :
P = 0,87 .
5. W -
W = 10-6 1,0 0,87 = 1,056 10-5 -2 -1.
6. - , ,
m = 1,056 10-5 3 3600 = 0,114 .
7. D (22)
8. 5 . . . 2.2 . 1 105-95 1 - 4.
9. . 3.20 105-95 Q g:
G 3 = m 3 = 538 ; G 4 = m 4 = 24 ; G 5 = m 5 = 1650 ;
Q = 538 42,744 +24 13,272 + 1650 20,583 = 57277 ;
S = F 3 + F 4 = 1,035 + 24,0 = 25,035 2;
g = Q / S = 57277/25,035 = 2288 -2
10. 2200 -2. . 4 105-95 1.
18
1. .
1.1. , . , . 45/190, (). 8 : 6 V a = 10 3 , , ; 2 V a = 15 3 . (-1), t = 210 . t = 190. 45/190 - 8 , -1 , -1 . m1 = 250 . 1 0,3 . V a = 1 3. 2 = 400 , , 3 = 0,12 .
t = 150 , , , . 1 1,7 ( ).
L x S x H = 243612 . V = 10368 3 Vc = 0,8 10368 = 8294,4 3 F = 864 2
(-1) n1 = 170 3 -1 = 0,0472 3 -1 = 71,5 -1. m4 = 15 . l 1 = 19 , d 1 = 150 . , , n 2 = 10 3 -1 = 0,00278 3 -1 = 2,78 -1 ( 2,5 -1), n 3 = 5 3 -1 = 0,00139 3 -1 = 1,39 -1 ( 1,25 -1) L2 = 15 , d2 = 150 = 0,15 . , , , , n 4 = 25 3 -1 = 0,007 3 -1 = 7 -1 L 3 = 20 , d 3 =150 = 0,15.
1 30 (0,03 ) . 1 , 1 . n 5 = 1,65 -1 , , b1 = 0,2 b2 = 0,8.
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1.2. - . 45/190 t = 212 , -1 t = 214 . r = 1000 -3, -1 r = 1514 -3. H = = 50460 - 8,545 r = 41915 -1 = 41,92 -1, -1 = = 50460 - 8,545 1514 = 37523 -1 = 37,52 -1, H = = 44000 -1 = 44,0 -1
2. .
. . , .
2.1. . . 3.13 - 3.17 105-95.
2.1.1. n 6
n 6 = 0,03 1,65 = 0,0495 -1.
2.1.2. M 1, (30 = 720 ) (b1 = 0,2; a = 0),
M 1 = 0,0495 720 0,2 = 7,128 .
2.1.3. 2, (8 ) (b2 = 0,8; a = 0),
2 = 0,0495 8 0,8 = 0,317 .
2.1.4. m ( = 1,0; = 0,7) ( =0,9) :
m = (1/0,7) (7,128 + 0,317) = 10,636 ;
m = 10,636 0,9 = 9,572 .
2.1.5. m a ,
m a = m 3 = 0,12 .
2.1.6. , ,
= 9,572 + 0,12 = 9,692 .
2.2. , . . 3.2 105-95 .
2.2.1. (Va = 15 3) m (q = n 3; = 300 )
.
2.2.2. m , , , 8:1:1:
= (1/10) m = (1/10) 15682 = 1568,2 .
2.2.3. m, , ( 1 1,7 ),
m = 0,0017 m = 0,0017 1568,2 = 2,7 .
3. D (22) (43) .
3.1. D , ,
3.2. D , , ,
4. 5 . , . . 2.2 . 1 105-95 1 - 4.
5. , , , 4 V a = 10 3 2 V a = 15 3 . . , = 41,92 -1.
6. . 3.20 105-95 Q g:
G = 4 10 1000 + 2 15 0,9 1000 = 67000 ;
Q = 67000 41,92 = 2808640 ;
S = F = 864 2;
g = 2808640 / 864 = 3251 -2
7. 2200 -2 , . 4 105-95 1.