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13.1. , .

13.2. (, ), , , , .. = P{ X = }, =1.

, . .

 

. , . (, ) , , .

13.3.

 

1 2 3 4
0,1 0,3 0,2 0,4

 

13.4. , (n, p) k {1,2,, n } (=)= .

:

0 1 k n

 

= =1.

13.5. , ( >0), k {0,1,2,} (= k)= .

 

0 1 k

, = = =1.

, , p (0< p <1), . .

13.6. , p (0< p <1), k N (=k)= , . :

1 2 3 n

= = =1.

 

13.7. 2 . .

P2(0)= = ; P2(1)= = =0,5; P2(2)= = .

0 1 2

:

 

.

13.8. . 0,6. 3- .

p =0,6, q =0,4, k =3, ()= =0,42*0,6=0,096.


14

 

, , . (), . . : , .

14.1. . =()= .

, = .

, = ,

, .

14.2. , .

14.3. ,

3 5 2
0,1 0,6 0,3

=3*0,1+5*0,6+2*0,3=3,9.

14.4. , p.

A . =1 (A ) p =0 , ..

1 0
p q

= 1∙ p +0∙ q = p.

 

.., .

14.5. : =.

C
1

=*1=.

14.6. , , .

14.7. :

( )=∙ .

( )= = = ∙().

14.8. , ,, , , i =1,2,, n

{ , ,, }= { } { } { } (1)

= , i =1,2,, n, (1)

{ < , < ,, < }= { < }{ < } { < }, :

(, ,, ) = () ()... () (2)

, ,, , .

14.9. 2- :

()= .

14.10. 2- :

(+)= + .

14.11. 14.9 14.10 .

14.12. , 2- .

, , , . :

1 2 3 4 5 6

 

= = (1+2+3+4+5+6)= = . (+)=2* =7.

14.13. n : = np.

n . i - , i =1,2,, n. = + ++ . = . 14.4 M Xi = p, i =1,2,, n, = = np.

14.14. D X =M(X -M X)2.

14.15. = .

14.16. . . :

D X = M(X - M X)2 = M(X 2 - 2 X ∙ M X + (M X)2) = M(X 2) - 2M(X ∙ M X) + M(M X)2= =M(X 2)-M X ∙ M X + (M X)2 = M(X 2) - (M X)2.

D X = M(X 2) - (M X)2.

14.17. ,

X 2 3 5
P 0,1 0,6 0,3

M X =2*0,1+3*0,6+5*0,3=3,5; M(X 2)= 4*0,1+9*0,6+25*0,3=13,3;

D X =13.3-(3,5)2=1,05.

14.18. 0:

DC=0

DC = M(- M)2= M(- )2=0.

14.19. ,

D( X) =C2 D X.

D(C)=(- CM X)2=((X- M X)2) = C2 M(X - M X)2 = C2D X.

14.20. 2-

D(+ Y)=D +D Y.

D(X + )=((X + Y)2) (M(X + Y))2= M(X2 + 2 XY + Y2) - (M X + M Y)2= =M(X)2+2 Y +M(Y 2)-(M(X)2+2 Y +M(Y)2)= M(X 2)-(M X)2+M(Y 2)- (M Y)2= = D X +D Y.

14.21. .

14.22. n , p , .

D X = npq.

X n , = , A i - , , .

D X = ,

1 0
p q

, = p M = p, D =M()-( )2= p - p 2 = p (1- p)= pq. D X = = npq.

14.23. 10 , 0,6. - .

n =10, p =0,6, q =0,4, D X = npq =10*0,6*0,4=2,4.

14.24. k :

=M().

=M(), =M(). D X = - .

14.25. k (X -M X)k.

=[(X -M X)k].

, = [ X -M X ]= M X - M X =0, = [(X -M X)2]= D X. = - .

:

= -3 +2 ,

= -4 +6 -3 .

 



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