1. We learn many things by reading books.
2. But it is difficult to buy all the books, which we want to read.
3. That's why we get books in libraries.
4. There is not a big library in my school.
5. There are a lot of bookcases and bookshelves there.
6. You can find there books of adventure stories, historical novels, collection of short stories.
7. Weget textbooks from the school library.
8. A librarian can help you to find the book you need.
9. Pupils go to the library to read and take books, to look through some magazines and newspapers.
10. Many teachers go to the school library too.
11. When we take a book, we mustn't do dog's ears, we mustn't write anything on the pages, and we must return books in time.
12. Today its easy and comfortable to read e-books, using the Internet, you can find any book you like and read it not going to the library.
16
1.
Christmas is probably the most festive time of the year, a season of giftgiving and celebration. We all know that Christmas is a religious holiday which marks the birth of Jesus Christ. But did you also know that some of the traditions are adapted from rituals dating back to the time before Christianity?
Many pagan peoples regarded the winter solstice as a time of celebration. Anticipating the return of spring, people decorated their homes with evergreen plants, a symbol of eternal life. Mistletoe was especially popular, as it was believed to have magic powers.
People hung sprigs of mistletoe in their homes and kissed beneath them as a gesture of friendship. At pagan festivals there was also a lot of singing and dancing going on dancing in a circle is the original meaning of the word carol.
Still now we keep these traditions up: we sing Christmas carols and dance around in circles, we kiss beneath the mistletoe and we decorate our homes with Christmas trees. By the way, did you know that it was a German who set the trend of decorating Christmas trees in England? It was Prince Albert, Queen Victorias husband. When he moved to England, Christmas trees had already been popular in continental Europe, but not in England.
In 1841, Prince Albert put up a Christmas tree at WindsorCastle. The event was reported in the press; and as the whole country was very keen on the royal family, people enthusiastically took up the custom of decorating a tree at Christmas.
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1. This is a non-fiction story.
2. It introduces us with the history of Christmas.
3. At the beginning of the text the author tells us about pagan customs to celebrate the return of spring, when people sang and danced in circles.
4. Now people sing Christmas carols and dance around in circles and kiss beneath the mistletoe.
5. Christmas is the most festive time of the year.
6. Prince Albert, Queen Victorias husband was the first who brought the tradition to decorate homes with Christmas trees in England.
7. I like this story because its interesting.
Questions:
1. Who brought the tradition to decorate Christmas trees in England?
2. Did many pagan peoples regard the winter solstice as a time of celebration?
3. When did the English decorate trees in England at first time?
4. Christmas is a religious holiday which marks the birth of Jesus Christ, isnt it?
5. Did Prince Albert put up a Christmas tree at Windsor Castle or at Palace of Westminster?
2. You met your neighbour and you want to tell him about your last journey. Tell him
why travelling has been so popular;what the best means of transport for travelling is (from your point of view); what people like doing while travelling.
Travelling
1. Almost all people are fond of travelling.
2. It is very interesting to see new places, another towns and countries.
3. People may travel either for pleasure or on business.
4. There are various means of travelling.
5. Travelling by air is more comfortable, more convenient and, of course, the fastest way.
6. With a train you have speed, comfort and pleasure.
7. Travelling by ship is also very popular now.
8. It is very pleasant to feel the fresh sea wind blowing in the face and hear the cry of the seagulls.
9. As for me I like travelling by car.
10. It is interesting too, because you can see many sights in a short time, you can stop when and where you like, you do not have to buy tickets or carry your suitcases.
11. Last summer my family and I went to the Crimea for holidays.
12. The Black Sea is one of the most wonderful places which attracts holiday-makers all over the world.
13. We rented a room for a week there.
14. As a rule, I make new friends there.
15. In the day-time we played volleyball, tennis, swam in the warm water of the sea and sunbathed.
16. In the evening we sat on the beach enjoying the sunset.
17. There are many places of entertainment in the Crimea.
18. We had a lot of excursions.
19. We saw different kinds of trees, flowers and plants.
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20. When I spend my holiday travelling I always take a camera with me and take pictures.
21. After such a nice holiday we were glad to return home. East or West, home is best!
17
1. WHY PEOPLE GET TATTOOS
The desire to be part of a group, to be accepted by one's friends or peers, can have a great influence on what a person does. Sometimes, wearing a tattoo can be a sign that you belong to a certain group. Gangs often use special clothes and tattoos to identify their particular group. For example, in one gang all the members may wear green army jackets and have large 'Xs' tattooed on their arms. It is not only gangs that have this type of special 'uniform'. Young people often belong to a certain group of friends. For example,some wear only black clothes. Others wear tattoos. When a person's friends are all doing something, such as getting a tattoo, that person is more likely to do the same thing, and get a tattoo too.
The media is another big influence behind the popularity of tattoos in North America. A wide variety of media images show tattoos. Famous sports heroes with tattoos are shown in magazines. Fashion models are often seen in magazines and on TV wearing designer clothes that show their bodies tattooed with detailed and colourful patterns. These media images link tattoos to ideas of wealth, success, and status. As a result, many people decide to get a tattoo for its fashion and status value.
It is not always the influence of other people or the media that results in a person getting a tattoo. Many people decide to wear tattoos in order to express their artistic nature, their beliefs, or their feelings - in other words, to show their individuality. A musician in a rock band may get a tattoo of a guitar on the arm. Some environmentalists may tattoo pictures of endangered animals on their shoulders. Lovers may tattoo each others' names over their hearts. A tattoo can be a public sign to show what is important in a person's life.
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1. The title of the text is WHY PEOPLE GET TATTOOS.
2. The author gives us the reasons why people get tattoos.
3. Gangs often use special clothes and tattoos to identify their particular group.
4. Young people often belong to a certain group of friends and wear tattoos.
5. The media is another big influence behind the popularity of tattoos.
6. Fashion models often show their bodies tattooed with detailed and colourful patterns.
7. Some environmentalists may tattoo pictures of endangered animals.
8. Lovers may tattoo each others' names.
9. To sum it up I should say that any people decide to wear tattoos in order to show their individuality.
10. I like this text because its interesting.
Questions:
1. Who showtheirdesigner clothes, their bodies tattooed with detailed and colourful patterns in magazines and on TV?
2. Do you wear tatoos?
3. Why do people wear tatoos?
4. The media is another big influence behind the popularity of tattoos, isnt it?
5. Does this text tell us about tattoos in North America or in Great Britain?
2. Imagine that you were invited to take part in the conference on healthy lifestyle. Why lots of people try to keep fit; what you do to keep fit; what sports are popular with your friends.
Healthy lifestyle
1. It is a pleasure to look at a strong, athletic man and slim beautiful lady.
2. It is known that healthy people live longer and their career is more successful.
3. To look well you must follow some simple rules: dont smoke and take drugs, dont drink alcohol, dont eat too much chips and sweets, eat more vegetables and fruits, sleep well, do exercises.
4. We have two lessons of physical training once a week.
5. We do exercises, run, jump, play basketball and pioneer ball, volleyball.
6. I think that we must have more lessons of physical training than we have now.
7. For example American pupils have their PT lessons every day.
8. I like to play table tennis, to ride a bicycle and to swim.
9. But most of all I like roller-skating.
10. I could hardly wait when snow melted, I put on roller-skates and went outdoors.
11. I spent one or two hours every day skating with my friends and weve got a lot of fun!
12. I dont smoke (nobody smokes in our family).
13. I know that this very bad habit may cause serious problems in your health.
14. I do my morning exercises, try to eat healthy food and think that this is really a good way to live.
18
1. THE SPIDER
Have you ever seen a small animal with four pairs of legs, a body that is divided into two parts?
This is a spider. Spiders live all over the world. They do not live only in the coldest places. You may find them on land: on grass, bushes, trees, and on pools, rivers, seas. There are 15,000 different kinds of spiders. The smallest spider is less than 1 mm in body length, and the biggest one can have body length up to 90 mm.
The spider spins its web to catch insects for food. It spins its web all its life. The process of spinning a web is very long. People say that the spider is very persistent in its work. If you destroy its web, a spider will begin to spin a new web.
There is a story about a spider and a Scottish hero Robert Bruce (1274-1329). Robert Bruce was at the head of the Scottish army in the fight for the independence of Scotland against the English kings, Edward the First and Edward the Second.
Once Robert Bruce was watching a spider spinning the web. Robert Bruce destroyed the web, and the spider began to spin a new web. Several times Robert Bruce destroyed the web, and each time the spider began its work from the beginning.
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Watching the persistent work of the spider, Bruce decided to be as persistent as the spider and continue the fight for the independence of Scotland. And he defeated the English.
It was many years ago, but Scottish people still remember their great victory, and their great leader Robert Bruce. FirstScience
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1. The title of the text is THE SPIDER.
2. It is a non- fiction.
3. It is taken from the magazine First Science.
4. This text is about spiders which live all over the world.
5. There are 15,000 different kinds of spiders.
6. They can be very small only 1 mm and the biggest can have body length up to 90 mm.
7. The spider spins its web to catch insects for food all its life.
8. The spider is very persistent in its work.
9. I have learned about a Scottish hero Robert Bruce, who fought for the independence
of Scotland against the English kings.
10. Once Robert Bruce was watching a spider spinning the web and he decided to be as persistent as
the spider and defeated the English.
11. Scottish people still remember their great victory, and their great leader Robert Bruce.
12. I like this text because its interesting.
Questions:
1. Do spiders live all over the world?
2. Where do spiders live?
3. Are there15,000 or 20,000 different kinds of spiders?
4. Who was the head of the Scottish army in the fight for the independence of Scotland against the English kings?
5. Scottish people still remember their great victory, and their great leader Robert Bruce, dont they?
2. You want to organize a party for your friends. Tell them: where the party will take place;
what food and drinks will be served; whom you are going to invite; what activities will youorganise.
A party for friends
1. Birthday is a very wonderful day.
2. Everybody likes to celebrate it.
3. It is a good opportunity to spend time with friends, parents, relatives.
4. Next week I am going to invite my friends to my birthday party.
5. There will be8 people.
6. I usually have big parties at home and like to meet guests.
7. My parents are helpingme to organize this party.
8. At five o'clock my relatives and friends are arriving to congratulate me and I will be happy to see them.
9. Then we will have a good holiday dinner and everybody will be merry.
10. We are going to dance, make jokes, sing karaoke, play games, speak about different things.
11. My mother are going to make the birthday cake and Ill blew the candles out.
12. I think everyone will enjoy the party very much.
13. After the party we are going for a walk.
14. It will be a wonderful day for everybody!
19
1. A GIPSY CHILD
One day MrEarnshaw came back from a long journey. He had travelled sixty miles to Liverpool and back on business, and was very tired. Look what I have brought you! he said. His children, Catherine and Hindley, were expecting presents and they rushed eagerly to see what it was.
They were very disappointed to see only a dirty, black-haired gipsy child. I found him all alone in the busy street of Liverpool, MrEarnshaw explained to them, and I couldnt leave him to die. He can sleep in your room, children. But Catherine and Hindley were very angry because they hadn` t received any presents, and refused to let the strange child share their room. However, MrEarnshaw insisted and, and little by little the boy became accepted by the family. He was called Heathcliff, as a first and last name. No one ever discovered who his parents were.
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Catherine and he became great friends, but Hindley hated him, and was often cruel to him. Old MrEarnshaw was strangely fond of that gipsy child, and frequently punished his son for behaving badly to Heathcliff. Hindley began to be jealous to his fathers feelings for Heathcliff, and saw them both as enemies.
This situation couldnt last. As MrEarnshaw grew old and ill, Heathcliff became even more his favourite, and Hindley often quarrelled with father. When Hindley was sent away to study, everybody hoped that they would have peace in the house.
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1. The title of the text isA GIPSY CHILD.
2. It is a fiction.
3. It is an extract from the novel Wuthering Heights by Emily Brontë.
4. MrEarnshaw traveled to Liverpool where he found a homeless, gipsy boy whom he found him alone in the busy street of Liverpool.
5. His children, Catherine and Hindley,were expecting presents but they very disappointed to see only a dirty, black-haired gipsy child.
6. MrEarnshawdecided to adopt this boy as his son.
7. He named him "Heathcliff".
8. Catherine and Heathcliff became great friends, but his son Hindleyhated him.
9. Id like to read this novel because its interesting.
Questions:
1. Who found a gipsy boy?
2. Where did MrEarnshaw go?
3. MrEarnshaw loved Heathcliff, didnt he?
4. Did Hindley like or hate Heathcliff?
5. Catherine and Heathcliff became great friends, didnt they?
2. You were asked to tell about such kinds of sport as parachuting, bungee jumping, kayaking:
whether you consider these kinds of sport interesting/ dangerous; what sports you go in for; whether you consider going in for sport to be important; what piece of advice you would give to those who dont like going in for sport. Extreme sports
1. Many people go in for extreme sports today.
2. Perhaps, they find ordinary sports too boring and unexciting.
3. It is also known that extreme sports help to build character and form a strong personality.
4. There are different types of extreme sports, for example, rock climbing, rafting, scuba diving, surfing, snowboarding, parachuting, hang-gliding, bungee jumping, kayaking etc.
5. These activities usually involve speed, height and a good level of physical training.
6. However, they become more and more popular even among the beginners.
7. Doing such sports people learn how to overcome difficult situations and how to survive in an emergency.
8. Parachuting is an unusual sport. 9. When you are flying, you feel freedom like a bird.
10. Those who prefer rivers to seas will probably adore kayaking.
11. Kayak is a small boat with closed top, where sportsmen face with waterfalls and experience free falls.
12. Extreme sports also develops patience and self-control, and helps to control your fear.
13. To tell the truth, I dont like extreme sports because they are rather dangerous and risky.
14. I like to ride the bike and swim. 15. All kinds of physical exercises are very useful to make our bodies strong and to keep ourselves fit and healthy.
20
LOVE FOR RT
Joe and Delia both loved art. Joe came to New York to study painting; Delia left a little town for New York to study music. Joe and Delia met at the friend` s studio, and a year later they got married. Joe and Delia were very happy, but one day they found that they had no money. Delia decided to give music lessons, and a few days later she came home very pleased with herself. Joe, dear, she said. I have found a pupil. The family is rich, theyll pay me five dollars a lesson! However, Joe was not happy about that. He didnt want his wife to work, he wanted her to study and be a famous pianist.
A week later Delia brought home 15 dollars for three lessons. To her surprise Joe put four five-dollar bills on the table too. He said that he had sold one of his pictures.
One Saturday evening Delia came home late, she looked very tired and her right hand was banged. Delia said: My pupils family invited me to dinner after the lesson and the girl spilled some hot sauce on my hand. She was very sorry about that. At what time did you burn your hand, Delia? Joe asked her. About five. The ironI mean the sauce... Darling, Joe took her hand in his. Where are you working? And she told him the truth. Delia couldnt find any pupils and as she wanted Joe to study painting, she had to work in a laundry. How did you know I wasnt giving music lessons? she asked. I sent up these bandages this afternoon for a girl who had burnt her hand with an iron. I am working in the machine room of the same laundry.
O` Henry
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1. The title of the text isLOVE FOR RT.
2. It is an extract from the novel A Service Of Love by O` Henry.
3. An artist, Joe and Delia a young talented musician met in New York and married.
4. They were poor and had to work.
5. Delia said that she gave music lessons.
6. One evening Delia returned home with a wrapped hand.
7. Joe asked her so Delia said that she was working in a laundry.
8. Joe confessed that he worked in the engine room for this same laundry.
9. The moral of this story is when one loves, no service seems too hard.
10. Id like to read this novel because its interesting.
Questions:
1. Who are the main heroes of this text?
2. Joe and Delia both loved art, didnt they?
3. WheredidJoe and Delia work?
4. Did Joe come to New York to study painting?
5. Did Joe and Delia work at the same laundry or at the theatre?
2. Imagine you share the same room with a foreigner while studying. He/she is interested in your family traditions: tell about your family, their age and family traditions; ask about your friends family traditions; express your opinion on common and different things in your families.
Family Traditions
1. Each family has its own traditions.
2. I can tell you about traditions in my family.
3. Every morning we have breakfast together.
4. In the evening I help my mother to cook dinner.
5. During dinner, we discuss the previous day and prepare for the new.
6. After the meal, we watch movies together or funny sitcoms.
7. But at the weekend we have much more time that we spend together.
8. Every weekend we visit our grandparents, helping with the farm and talk with them.
9. We share our household chores.
10. Everyone has its own duties.
11. For example, my mum is responsible for cooking, while my dad always does the shopping.
12. Im responsible for the pets and plants, while my older sister is responsible for washing the dishes and vacuum-cleaning.
13. Every holiday, such as New Year or Birthday, we're going together.
14. We especially like celebrating New Year.
15. The traditional New Year dishes in our home are a roast chicken, a couple of Russian salads and my mums specialty an apple cake.
16. We always prepare postcards and presents for everyone who visits us and for our family members.
17. Every summer we go somewhere together.
18. It may just be field trips, fishing or big trip abroad, it does not matter!
19. For our family, the main thing is that we are together.
21
1.
SOUTH FOR THE WINTER
I never stay in one country for a long time. It gets boring. I like to move on, see new places, and meet different people. It's a good life, most of the time. When I need money, I get a job. I can do most things - hotel and restaurant work, building work, picking fruit.
I like to go south in the winter - Cyprus, or perhaps North Africa. Life is easier in the sun, and Northern Europe can get very cold in the winter. Last year I was in Venice in October. I did some work in a hotel for three weeks, then I began slowly to move south. I always go by train when I can. I like trains. You can walk about on a train, and you meet a lot of people.
I left Venice and went on to Trieste. There I got a cheap ticket for the slow train to Sofia, in Bulgaria. It takes a day and a half, but the express was too expensive.
The train left Trieste at nine o'clock on a Thursday morning. There weren't many people on it at first, but at Zagreb more people got on. Two girls went along the corridor, past my compartment. They looked through the door, but they didn't come in. The train left Zagreb and I looked out of the window for about ten minutes, then I went to sleep.
When I opened my eyes again, the two girls were in the compartment.
'Hi!' they said.
'You're American,' I said. 'Or Canadian. Right?'
'American,' the taller girl said. She smiled. 'And you're twenty-three, your name is Tom Walsh, you've got blue eyes, and your mum lives in Burnham-on-Sea, UK. Right?
'How did you know all that?' I asked.
JenniferBassett
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