٨
1. + H 2 O = ٨ + 2↑
2Na + 2H2O = 2NaOH + H2
, (Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs) (Ca, Ba, Ra)
2. + H 2 O = ٨
Na2O + H2O = 2 NaOH
, ( , ) (Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs) (Ca, Ba, Ra)
(-) + ٨ = ↓ +
+ *(OH) n = Me (OH)↓+* n
CuSO4 + 2 NaOH = Cu(OH)2 + Na2SO4
- , , , .
1. : (n) :
n = 1 n = 2 n = 3
2. :
) , :
(n) | () | |
HClO4 | ClO4 (I) | Cl2O7 (VII) |
H2SO4 | SO4 (II) | SO3 (VI), |
HNO3 | NO3 (I) | N2O5 (V) |
HMnO4 | MnO4 (I) | Mn2O7 (VII) |
H2SO3 | SO3 (II) | SO2 (IV) |
H3PO4 | PO4 (III) | P2O5 (V) |
HNO2 | NO2 (I) | N2O3 (III) |
H2CO3 | CO3 (II) | CO2 (IV), |
H2SiO3 | SiO3 (II) | SiO2 (IV) |
)
(n) | () |
HCl , | Cl (I) |
H2S | S(II) |
HBr | Br (I) |
HI | I(I) |
HF, | F(I) |
, , , . : , HPO3, H3BO3. . H2SiO3. . , , . : , ..
HCl, HBr, HI, HF, H2S | HNO3, H2SO4 |