.


:




:

































 

 

 

 


10.7

208

 

  1. 265 "", "".
  2. 3 266 "", "".
  3. 51 53 "0".
  4. 206 206 .
  5. 206 206 .
  6. 0 ÷ 32, ( , , 1- ) 208 33- "".
  7. 1 ÷ 33 ( , , 2- ) 208 "0" , "0".
  8. - 208 "" "0" .
  9. 3 .33 34 ( , , 3 ÷ 5- ) "1" "0" "1- "2 ÷ 5" 17 18 , "" "".
  10. - .9 ÷ 30 208 .9, "" "0" ( , 1 2 ÷ 5).
  11. .. 10 ÷ 33 11 ÷ 34 , "" "" ( ).
  12. . , .
  13. 6 ( 1 600 ) 208 , 208 . . .
  14. -4 1 ÷ 32, "0" 33- .

, ( ) , -4 1 ÷ 32, .1, , 208, .3. , ( I5A ).

1 ÷ 32 , , 2- . 0 33 , 208 . .1.

-4 , 4- . 1 ÷ 32 1 32 .

 

10.8 ̻

 

, .

, 13 120, 1,5 15 , 208.

208 , .49. , , , . 208.

, 1,5 . K..

 

10.9

 

"" "" -1, -2, -3 ( ) (), 265 266.

, "" "" ( , "," ). , .

, , , , -1, -2, -3 . , , "0" "0".

 

 

- , 1 2 -80 . 3 .

 

10.10

 

, "" "" "0" .

- 208 208 , , "".

"-0", .9 29 30. .

265 266 , 265 266 .,1 2 265 266.

.31 32 265 266 29 30, 265 266 , 187 188.

, 187 188 265 266 , "" "P" "" "" "".

 

11 -80

 

(25, 29, 33) 880 ( ).

""

"-1", .7, .4 71 72 . 71, 72 65 66. ( )

. . - . - , - . - , . -1 70 %.

-1 -2, .7 .5 73 74. 73, 74 67 68 ( ). , , -2 52%.

"2" "3", .7 .6 75 76. 75 76, 69 70 ( ). , . -3 43%.

 

12 43 44

 

223, "", .1, 269, .185 , -1, -2 -3, -4, 211 212. 211 212 ( 1 2) 211 212 43 44, .

, , , , ( 10 ), 43 44 43 44 .

, , , "" . , 43 44 , 43 44 43 44 ( 0,75 ÷ 0,85 ).

43 44, .1, 50 , :

  1. .50, "" .
  2. .50, " ", .36, "63-" 241 , .36 , "64-", 242. .
  3. .50, 269. 269 ( 3) 269 .1 211 212. , 211 212 0,5 ÷ 0,6 , .

 

0,5 ÷0,6 , 43 44, 211 212 , 211 212 , 43 44. 43 44 , 43 44 .1 ÷ 50.

50 , "" , - .36. 269, 269 269, .1, 211 212. 211 212 0,2 ÷ 0,3 ( ), .

0,2 ÷ 0,3 , 211 212, 211 212 , 43 44, . 0,5 ÷ 0,6 0,2 ÷ 0,3 , .

211, 212 269 , 43 44 , - 43 44 0,5 .

 

13

 

, " ", , " ".

.1, 269, .185, " ", .181, 205. 205 ( 3 ), 205, .1 50 , , , 43 44, 2 ÷ 3 ( 205 ), 0,2 ÷ 0,3 .

, 267 , 267 51 ÷ 54, 267, .185 ÷ H181 205. , " ".

 

14 ٻ

 

: " + " , -1 100 , (2), " ", .61, (3), .0, , , ."", , (2), -2 100 , " - " .

 

"8" (" "). .0, 5 , .313, "8" 160.

160 ( N 2) 160 ( ~ U = 380 ).

 

, , 120 35 , ( 2), 160, C 112 2, 380 . " ~ 1", .

100 % : 60 % " ~ 1 " , 20 % " ~ 1 " ().

60 % " ~ 1 " , 55 , .. 27 .

55 , 55 1 B ÷ 4 , 55 , :

" + " , .65, 1, .61, (3), 0, , , "", " - " .

 

, 11B 12B, "", "". "" ( 55 ), "" .

, , 1B ÷ 4, .65, "5" -3.

"", "". "" "", R12 R11, "" ( "" 55 , 52 ). "" .55 ÷ 52

, "" (" "), "" .

"", , 11 12B, 55 "" ( ).

55 , 9 10. . , .

55 ( .. 27 ), 9 10. ( 60 ), 9, 10 7 8, (6) , .

" - " (.. ≈ 575), " - " , - 20 % " ~ 1 " , . " ~ 1 ", - , 57 .

, 9 10, TP . 20 % " ~ 1 " , " ~ 1 " , - 57 53 .

, 9 10, . 55 .. , ( 55 , ).

 

15 -80

 

, .. , 120 35 ( 2) 160, . 55 60 . 55 15 ÷ 19, 6 2 .

55 " + " , 2, 3, 4, R-3 " - " . 2 ÷ 4, 36 .

, 11B 12, R-9, R-4 , R-1, . ( ). :

  1. , 55 , 12 B. , R-6, 1 , T1 . T1 , - 9 10 . 9 10 , - .
  2. , 55 , 12 . 1 . 36 , CK2 ÷ CK4 ; " + " 2, 21B, R-17 R-16, R-5, " - " 4. 3 R-17 R-16 T1, 36 , (+36 ). 1 36 , : " + " 2, 1, , R-1 R-2 ( 50 ), 19B 20, 10 9, " - " 4.

10 9 , ( 60 ) 6 .

, 57 .

CK1 ( 12B), T1 " + " , T1 . 10 9, 10 9 . - 57 53 .

CK1, T1, 10 9, 10 9 , . 53 57 ; .

55 , R-4 ( R-4 , 1, , ).

 

16 ٻ

 

, , (3) "". , .61, ( .61 62 ), .62 , , .0, , , .

.117 H118, 6 . , , ( ), , . H117, 6, .118, , , .

 

, .61, .318, 15 , 50 , 5 5 , .

5 5 .

 

.65, , .119, " " 225 , .

 

"", , . 61, 5 .65, , , .61 65 55. ( , 1B ÷ 4B ).

 

"7" " ". , 65 5, R-10 ( 37,5 ) 7.

, 7 " ", , 5 ÷ 10 ( 3 ).

 

55 , . H111, 135, .. 181 ÷ 184, .125, 25 , .112, . 135 , " " 226.

 

55 .H111, -3 100 A, .58, " " "" 226, ( 1) .57, 25 , -4 100 A, .112, .

R-1 R-7 , , CK1. .

 

2 -80

 

1 1- û

 

, : .., " 1 ", , " 2 ", " 4 ", , , " 3 ", ( " 6 " ).

: 638 ; 580 , 145 .

"0" , "" ( "30") .

1- : "" 11 15; "" 32, 33 36, 37 ( 17 ); , , , . ( ).

 

1- (0,01 ) , , .. , ( ), . , :

 

1- 1 ÷ 1, (638 ) "1", , 83 -1, "1" -1 (61), " + " -1 -1 -2. -1: -1, 63, -1, 63, -1, , -1, 5l.

-1 -2 -55 ( ), 3 -1, 81 ( -1), 24 (), "" , "11" , " 1 ÷ 01 " , , 32 33 , "X1" . : 638 580 = 58 .

 

2- 2 ÷ 2, (638 ), "2", 36 37 "" , , " 02 ÷ 5 ", , "15" , "", 25 (), 84 ( -2), "1" -2 (62), " + " -2, -3 -4, -1 -2, -56, "3" -2, 82 ( -2), "2" . : 638 580 = 58 .

 

2- (0,01 ) , .., , . :

1- "1 ÷ 1", (638 ), X1 32 33 , , " 01 ÷ 1 " (580 ), "11" , "" , 24, , 82 ( -2), 2 -2 (62), " + " -2, -3 -4, -56, 4 -2, 84 ( -2), 22 21 "1" . : 638 - 580 = 58 .

 

2- "2 ÷ 2", (638 ) "2", , 81 ( -1), 2 -1 (61), " + " -1, -1 -2, -55, 4 -1, 83 ( -1), 21 22, 25, "" , 15 , " 5 ÷ 02 " (580 ), , 36 37 , "2" .

: 638 580 = 58 .

 

2 1- 5- û

 

"" .

1- 2- , 1- "", 2- "" 22 , 3- "".

. 24, 11 22 , 1 2. 1 ÷ 2 (145 ), 22 24, 11 " " (≈ 1100 ), 24.

24 1 ÷ 2 (145 ) , 24 .

2- , , , 3,5 , : 638 3,5 ∙ 145 = 130,5 .

2- , ( 72,5 , ). . 24 1100 , 24 1 ÷ 2 .

 

2- 3- , , 1- "", 2- "" 26 ; 3- "".

. 25 15 26 , "5 ÷ 6". "5 ÷ 6" (145 ), 15, 25, 26 1100 .

25 "5 ÷ 6" (145 ) , 25 .

3- , , 3,5 , , , : 638 - 3,5 ∙14 = 130,5

3- ( 1- 2- ). 3- , 24 25 ≈ 1100 .

 

3- 4- , 1- "", 2- "" , 11 12; 3- "". .

24, 22 12, "2". 24 , . :

638 - 3 ∙ 145 = 203

4- , T ( 72,5 , ); 25 (≈ 1100 ).

 

4- 5- , 1- ""; 2- "" 15 16; 3- "".

. 25, 16 26 , "6". 25 , . , , :

638 3 ∙ 145 = 203 .

5- , ; 24 25 .

 

:

9, 13, 17, 21, 25, 29, 33.

 

5- 17- , 1- 5- . , , 0,5 , .

 

3 -80

17-

 

5- : 12, 22 16, 26 ; 32, 33 36, 37 ; , , , . : 638 3 ∙ 145 = 203 .

9- : 13, 23 17, 27 ; 32, 33 36, 37 ; , , , . : 638 2 ∙ 145 = 348 .

13- : 14, 24 18, 28 ; 32, 33 36, 37 ; , , , . : 638 145 = 493 .

17- : 10, 20 30, 40 ; 32, 33 36, 37 ; , , , . 17- , . 638 .

 

4 -80

17- -5

 

17 18- , -2, -3, -4, -5 , , .

  1. 17- "-2", 1- ""; 2- "" 20 31 21 ; 3- "". . 17- , (, 2- , ), X1, 31 "", 24, 21 "", 24. 21 , "X1" , 32, 33 10 , 17 . 32, 33 10, 21 , 32, 33 10 .
  2. -2 -3, 1- ""; 2- "" 40 35 25 , 32, 33 10 , , 3- "". . 17 , ( 1- , ), "2" 35 "" 25, 25 "" 25. 25 "2", 36 37 30 , 17 . 36, 37 30 25 , .
  3. -3 -4, 1- "", 2- "" 9, 19 11 , ( 35, 37 30 , ). 3- "". . , (, 2- , ), "X1" 31 "", 24; 9 19 , 11 , "", 24. 9, 19 11 "", 21 . 21 9, 19 11, 21 .
  4. -4 -5, 1- ""; 2- , "" 29, 39 15 , ( 21 , ). 3- "". . , (, 1- , ), "2", 35 "", 25, 29, 39 , 15- , "", 25. 29, 39 15 "", 25 . , 25 29, 39 15, 25 18- .

 

-5 , 32, 33 36, 37 , 9, 19 29, 39. , .

 

-5 , 11 15, 1- , 1- -5, . -5 33- , 1- 17- . 9, 19 29, 39 , 0,5 . , 18- 31 25, 19- 35, .

 

5 -80

17- 33-

 

21- , 12, 22 16, 26 ( 5- ); 9, 19 29, 39 ; , , , .

, . : 638 + 145 = 783 .

25- , , 13, 23 17, 27 ( 9- ); 9, 19 29, 39 ; , , , .

. : 638 + 2 ∙ 145 = 928 .

29 , , 14, 24 18, 28 ( 13- ); 9, 19 29, 39 ; , , , .

. : 638 + 3 ∙ 145 = 1073 .

33 , , 10, 20 30, 40 ( 17- ); 9, 19 29, 39 ; , , , .

33 . : 638 + 4 ∙ 145 = 1218 .

 

6

 

  1. .. 25 . .. 25 , . , .. 29 , : 145 ∙ (29 / 25) = 168,2 .
  2. , , ( , 4 ). , 33 .. 25 , 880 , 1218 , , 950 ; .. : 1218 950 = 268 .
  3. 2- , ( ), , , 21 22, 21 22 . , , 2- 21 22. ( 72,5 , ; , 2- 21 22.

 



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