() . - , .
, .
, (), () ( , ).
3 :
-
-
-
, , .. , .
.
: ; ; .
: ; ; ; ; ; ; .
¯, - . .
:
1) , .. ;
2) , ..
.
, . 1. , .
(I) :
AgN3 + NaCl = AgCl + NaN3
Ag+ + NO3- + Na+ + Cl- = AgCl¯+ Na+ + N3-
Ag+ + Cl- = AgCl¯
, ().
2. , ( ).
:
NaOH + HNO3 = NaN3 + 20
Na+ + - + + + N3- = Na+ + N3- + 2
- + + = 2
- . , .. .
3. , .
! , :
H2CO3 CO2 + H2O
H2SO3 SO2 + H2O
NH4OH NH3 + 2O
:
|
|
NaOH + NH4Cl = NaCl + NH3 + 2O
Na+ + - + NH4+ + Cl- = Na+ + Cl- + NH3 + H2O
NH4+ + OH- = NH3+ H2O
, - .
, , , .. .
u()2 ¯ + 21 Û u12+ 22
u()2 ¯ + 2+ + 21- Û Cu2+ + 2Cl- + 22
u()2 ¯ + 2+ Û u2+ + 22
, , . , . . .
, .
@ . : , (II) , (II) , , (III) , , .
1) __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
2) _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
3) __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
4) __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
5) __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
6) __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
7)_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
1. () 100 20 . %.
: m = 100 m.. = 20 | : w.. = m.- / m m = m.- + m = 100 + 20 = 120 w..= 20 / 120 = 0,1667 = =16,67%
|
w.. -? % |
: 16,67%.
@ . 1., :
2. 200 50 . %.
|
|
3. () , 80 5%- ?
: m = 80 w.. = 5% = 0,05 | : w.. = m.- / m m.- = w..× m m = m - m.. m.- = 0,05 × 80 = 4 m = 80 4 = 76 |
m -? m..-? |
: 76 4 .
@ . 3., :
4. 30 5%- ?
1
: , .
:
, (II), , , , , , , (III), .
,
1
1-2 (II) .
:____________________________________________
, : ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
:__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
2.
1-2 .
:____________________________________________
, : ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
:___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________