_________________________
____________________________
_______________________________________
... ()
.
. .
I . . 20 . , , .
I.
. .
: , , , , , .
.
1. .
________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
_____________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
2. (C6H14)
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
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3. -2 (C5H10)
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
. .
: , , , , , , , , , , , , , () , , , , , , , , , , sp3-.
.
1. .
, _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
2. :
CH4 | CH3- | ||
CH3CH2CH3 | CH3CH2CH2- | ||
3. . ?
) n H2 n+2 ) n H2 n ) n H2 n-2
4. . ?
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5. :
3
½
1. 3 2 2 3 _________________________________________________
½
3
3 3
½ ½
2. 3 2 3 ______________________________________________
½ ½
3 3
3 2 2 3
½ ½
3. 3 2 3 ________________________________________________________
½ ½ ½
3 3 3
3
½
3 3 3
½ ½ ½
4. 3 2 3 ____________________________________________________
½
3
3 3 2 3
½ ½ ½
5. 3 ͖ CH2 CH3 ___________________________________
½ ½ ½ ½
3 3 3 3
6. :
) 2,4;
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
) 23,5;
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
) 233,4;
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
) 2,42,3,4,53.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
7. ( ) .
. | . . | . . |
8. : CH4 → C3I → C26 → C25r.
)__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
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)______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
)______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
9.
(CH3- CH3 → CH3-CH2-CH2-CH3).
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
10. :
) HNO3 (t0), ) HCl ) H2O
) Br2 (hn), ) NaOH ) Cl2 (hn),
.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
1. 0,29 448 (..) 0,45 . , 29.
:
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2. 29 88 45 . 2. .
:
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
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3. , , , 37,5%, 6,25% 56,25% . 4,41.
:
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
4. , , , , 31,86%, 5,3 % 62,84% . 56,5.
:
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
1.3. . .
: , , , , sp3-.
.
1. .
___________________________________ ____________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
2. , ?
CnH2 n+2 | CnH2 n | CnH2 n-2 | CnH2 n-6 | |
3. : ) ; )
)________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
)________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
4. :
_________________________________________________
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_________________________________________________
________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_______________________________________________
____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
5. . .
- , , ?
- 6- ?
- - ?
- ?
- .?
- , 2?
- , 1022?
- , , ?
- 37?
- ?
- ?
5 | ||||||||||
6 | 8 | |||||||||
10 | ||||||||||
3 | 4 | 9 | 11 | |||||||
1 | 2 | 7 | ||||||||
. .
: , , , , , , , , , , sp2-.
.
1. .
___________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
2. .
1.
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
2. :
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
3.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
4. . .
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
5. . :
) ; ) .
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
3.
1- | 5 | 10 | |
2- | |||
2--2- |
4. ?
) _________________________, ) ________________________
5. -2.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
6. :
) CH2 = CH CH3 + H2 →_____________________________________
) CH2 = CH CH2 CH3 + HCl → ______________________________
) 3H6 + O2 → _____________________________________________
) CH2 = CH2 + Br2 →________________________________________
) CH3 CH = CH2 + J2 →_____________________________________
) C4H8 + H2 →______________________________________________
7. . .
1. ?
_______________________.
3. ?
4. , C4 H8?
5. ?
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