.


:




:

































 

 

 

 


. .

_________________________

____________________________

_______________________________________

... ()

.

 

. .

 

I . . 20 . , , .

 

 

I.

. .

: , , , , , .

.

1. .

________________________________________

________________________________________________________________

_____________________________

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 

 

 


2. (C6H14)

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

3. -2 (C5H10)

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 

. .

: , , , , , , , , , , , , , () , , , , , , , , , , sp3-.

.

1. .

, _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 

2. :

 

CH4 CH3-
     
CH3CH2CH3   CH3CH2CH2-
   
     
     
     

 

 

3. . ?

) n H2 n+2 ) n H2 n ) n H2 n-2

 

4. . ?

 

             

 

 

5. :

 

3

½

1. 3 2 2 3 _________________________________________________

½

3

 

3 3

½ ½

2. 3 2 3 ______________________________________________

½ ½

3 3

 

3 2 2 3

½ ½

3. 3 2 3 ________________________________________________________

½ ½ ½

3 3 3

 

3

½

3 3 3

½ ½ ½

4. 3 2 3 ____________________________________________________

½

3

3 3 2 3

½ ½ ½

5. 3 ͖ CH2 CH3 ___________________________________

½ ½ ½ ½

3 3 3 3

 

 

6. :

) 2,4;

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

) 23,5;

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

) 233,4;

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

) 2,42,3,4,53.

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 

 

7. ( ) .

. . . . .

 

8. : CH4 → C3I → C26 → C25r.

 

)__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

)______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 

)______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 

9.

(CH3- CH3 → CH3-CH2-CH2-CH3).

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 

 

10. :

) HNO3 (t0), ) HCl ) H2O

) Br2 (hn), ) NaOH ) Cl2 (hn),

 

 

.

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 

 

1. 0,29 448 (..) 0,45 . , 29.

 

:

______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 

2. 29 88 45 . 2. .

 

:

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 

 

3. , , , 37,5%, 6,25% 56,25% . 4,41.

:

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 

 

4. , , , , 31,86%, 5,3 % 62,84% . 56,5.

 

:

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 

1.3. . .

: , , , , sp3-.

.

1. .

___________________________________ ____________________________________________________

___________________________________________________

 

2. , ?

 

  CnH2 n+2 CnH2 n CnH2 n-2 CnH2 n-6
       
       

 

3. : ) ; )

 

)________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 

)________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

4. :

 

_________________________________________________

 

_________________________________________________

 

 

________________________________________________

 

 

_________________________________________________

 

 

_______________________________________________

 

 

____________________________________________________

 

 

_____________________________________________________

 

5. . .

  1. , , ?
  2. 6- ?
  3. - ?
  4. ?
  5. .?
  6. , 2?
  7. , 1022?
  8. , , ?
  9. 37?
  10. ?
  11. ?
                     
        5            
                     
                     
                     
          6   8      
                  10  
    3 4         9   11
1 2         7        
                     
                     
                     
                     
                     
                     
                     

 

 

. .

: , , , , , , , , , , sp2-.

 

.

 

1. .

___________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 

2. .

 

1.

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 

2. :

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 

3.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 

4. . .

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 

5. . :

) ; ) .

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 

3.

 

1- 5 10
           
2-        
  2--2-        

 

4. ?

 

) _________________________, ) ________________________

5. -2.

______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 

6. :

) CH2 = CH CH3 + H2 →_____________________________________

 

) CH2 = CH CH2 CH3 + HCl → ______________________________

 

) 3H6 + O2 → _____________________________________________

 

) CH2 = CH2 + Br2 →________________________________________

 

) CH3 CH = CH2 + J2 →_____________________________________

 

) C4H8 + H2 →______________________________________________

 

 

7. . .

 

1. ?

_______________________.

3. ?

4. , C4 H8?

5. ?

 

1

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

5

 

 

 

 

4

 

 

 

2

 

 

 

 

 

3

 

 

     
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

                 

 

 



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