- . D , - T × D S.
D G ()
D G = D - T × D S,
- , .
, = const , D G < 0. D G , . , D G = 0, , .
D G :
1. D G = D - × D S . D D S .
2. , D .
a A + b B = d D + f F
D G = d D G (D) + f D G (F) - a D G (A) - b D G (B),
D G - , .
D G 1 , . D G , - (. ).
, , . , (D < 0), (D S > 0), . . , (D > 0), (D S < 0), , D G .
D > 0, D S > 0 D < 0, D S < 0 . , D G. , , D G .
1. D G 2SO2 + 2 = 2S3.
1. D G , D G :
D G = 2D G (SO3) - 2D G (SO2) - D G (O2) =
= 2(-371,17) - 2(-300,21) - 0 = -141,92 .
2. D G , :
D S = 2 S (SO3) - S (O2) - 2 S (SO2) = 2×256,7 - 205,0 -2×248,1 = -187,8 ;
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D = 2D (S3) - 2D (SO2) = 2(-395,9) - 2(-296,9) = -198,0 ;
D G = D - × D S = -198000 - 298×(-187,8) = -142036 = -142,0 .
2. D G,
+ 2, = 3, ; D = -178,1 /.
, D < 0. , , D S < 0. , D G ( ). , , D G .
3. , D = -235 , D S = -95 .
D G = 0. D - T × D S = 0.
T = K.
1. N2, + 2, = 2NO ? .
2. N2 + N2, = 3NO ? .
3. N2O + N = NO2, + N2, ? .
4. CuO PbO? .
5. (II) ?
6. 1000 , D = 131,3 , D S = 133,6 / ( D D S ).
7. D G 298 22 + = 22 + 2. - - D G ?
8. D S , D D G NH4Cl = NH3, + HCl. ?
9.
1) 4NH3 + 3O2 = 2N2 + 6H2O; 2) 4NH3 + 5O2 = 4NO + 6H2O.
.
10. SO2 + 2H2 = S + 2H2O .
11. D G 298 ZnS + O2 = ZnO + S2. - - D G ?
12. 1500 , D = 221,0 , D S = 53,2 / ( D D S ).
13. , D = 138 , D S = 105 .
14.
1) N2 + O2 = 2N; 2) N2 + 2O2 = 2NO2.
.
15. D S , D D G 2 = + 2. ?
16. (II) ?
17. PbO + = Pb + 2? D D S .
18. O2 + 2H2 = + 2H2O.
19. D G 298 FeS + O2 = FeO + S2. - - D G ?
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20. D G D G 2 + = + 2, . ?
21. ZnO NiO? .
22. D G 2Fe + Al2O3 = Fe2O3 + 2 Al.
23. , D = 38 , D S = 207 .
24. 4, + 22, = 2, + 22? .
25. 2000 , D = 242,3 , D S = 195,6 / ( D D S ).