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2.

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. ( System of National Product and Income Accounts) 20- , (National Bureau of Economic Research), (Simon Kuznets). , . 20- ( prosperity) . , 20- - , , , . ( ) - , . 1929 - , 1929-1933 . 1930 (), . . , , . () 1987.

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(Gross National Product) - , ( ) .

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, () . , , , , ; , ; , . . . , , $5, . $8, . $17, $25. , , , , .

 

1.

$5 $0 $5
$8 $5 $3
$17 $8 $9
$25 $17 $8
: $55 $30 $25

 

( ), 55 $ (total output). (30 $), (25 $). , () . (25 $) , .. , (25 $). , , , . (.. , () ). : 55 30 = 25 ($). ( , , .), .

 

. , , . , , . () . . , , , ; , .. , . : 1) , , .. , .. , ; 2) , ( ) ( ). ( ) . , , . ( , , , .. , ).

 

( ). , (Gross Domestic Product) - - (Gross National Product) . , ,, .. , . . , , . . 1%. , (, - , , . - - , ).

 

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:

1) ( );

2) ( );

3) ( ).

 

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, , , , , . :

( - ) + ( I) + ( G); + ( ), Xn (net export)

 

(consumption spending ) . 2/3 3/4 , :

Ø , .. ( , , , , 1 5 );

Ø , .. , ( , , , , ., , , );

Ø ( , - ). ,

 

= + ( ) +

(investment spending - I) . , . :

Ø , : ) ) ( );

Ø ( );

Ø (- : ) , ; ) , ; ) ( ), .

(fixed investment). (inventory investment) , - , , . , , , , . , , , , , . , , .

. (gross investment - Igross) , ( depreciation - A), (net investment Inet): I gross = A + I net . , , , . , (depreciation). capital consumption allowances, . , . .

, . , , . I net > 0, .. ( ), I gross > A, , , . I gross = A, .. I net = 0, , , . I net < 0, I gross < A. , , .

 

= + +
= + ( )

(private investment), .. ( ), , .

, , .. - . - (foreign investment) . , , (net foreign investment) . , .

 

(government spending - G), :

Ø ( , , , , , () );

Ø ( )

 

(government spending) (government spendings). , , , , , , .

 

(net export n). (export Ex) (import - Im) : Xn = Ex Im.

 

= () + (I gross) + (G) + (X n)

 


 

̻

 

0 . (), .. . :

(wages and salaries) , , .. , , , , .. ( , ( ) , );

(rental payments) , ( , ) ( , , , , ; ;

(percent payments), , , ( , , , ( ), , );

, .. . - :

Ø , () ( (proprietors income);

Ø , ( ) ( . : 1) ( ); 2) ( ), ; 3) , , ,

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( ). , 7 , , , , ... .

 

, , , ( ). , , ( ), . , , , . , 1 ( )

 

 

 


$25 ( $25), : $5 + $3 ($8 - $5) + $9 ($17 - $8) + $8 ($25 - $17) = $25, : $5 + $3 + $9 + $8 = $25. , - $25.



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