f = (3) n∙z
n - ,
z - .
, - , - . , +, - -, . :
3 4 ) f = 1/3, ) = 1/3{ 3 4 },
) = f ∙( 3 4) = 1/3(3,0 + 31,0 + 4∙16,0) = 98,0/3 = 32,7 /
() 2 ) f = 1/2, ) = 1/2{() 2 },
) = f ∙(() 2) = 1/2(40,1 + 2∙17,0) = 74,1/2 = 37,0 /.
l 2 (S 4) 3 ) f = 1/(2∙3) = 1/6, ) = 1/6{l 2 (S 4) 3 },
) = f ∙(l 2 (S 4) 3) = 1/6(2∙27,0 + 3∙96,0) = 342/6 = 57,0 /
(, , ) . () , N 2 , N - , (). .
(3) (), .
2. /, , ) , f ; ) , ; ) , , ) , V , . 2 - , , 2 5.
: 2 - , 2 3, 1/2.
) f = 1/2; ) = 1/2 { 2 }, ) = f ∙ 2 = 1/2 (12,0 + 2∙16,0) = 44,0/2 = 22,0 /. 2 - , ( ): ) V = f ∙22,4 = 11,2 .
- , - () 2, 1/2.
) f = 1/2, ) = 1/2{}, ) = f ∙ = 1/2(40,1 + 16,0) = 56,1/2 = 28,0 /.
2 5 - , 3 4. :
25 + 32 = 234
, 2 5 6 , , f = 1/(2∙3) 1/6.
) f = 1/6, ) = 1/6 { 2 5 },
) = f ∙ 2 5 = 1/6(2∙31,0 + 5∙16,0) = 142/6 = 23,67 /
, .
, : - () -. , , , . , , . (-) , (N +, +, -, l - ..) . , - (), , (..) .
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, , .. , . , , 1 . .
3. : , f , , , , , ( ) , V , :
1. l()3 + 2l = ll2 + 22
2. 22S() + 32() = 2S2 + 22
. 1 l() 3 ll 2, .. -, , l -. , 1/2 l() 3. f =1/2; = 1/2{l() 3 }; = f ∙l()3 = 1/2(27,0 + 3∙17,0) = 39 /.
l 1 +, , 1 . f=1, = {l}. = f ∙ l = 1∙(1,0 + 35,5) = 36,5 /.
2 -. .. -2 ( 2 S) +4 ( S 2). 6 . , 6 . f = 1/6, = 1/6 { 2 S} = f ∙ 2 S = 1/6(2,0 + 32,1) = 5,7 /. - . V = f ∙22,4 = 3,73 .
2 .. 0 -2. 2 . 2 2 . , 4 . f = 1/4, = ¼{ 2 } = f ∙2 = 1/4(2∙16) = 8 /. - . V = f ∙22,4 = 5,6 .
, , 1.
1 -
, n () ( ), () | f (H2) = 1/(2×1) = 1/2; f (O2) = 1/(2×2) = 1/4; f (Cl2)= 1/(2×1) = 1/2; f (O3) = 1/(3×2) = 1/6 | |
, n () ( ), () | f (Cr2O3)=1/(2×3)= 1/6; f (CrO) = 1/(1×2) = 1/2; f (H2O) = 1/(2×1) = 1/2; f (P2O5)=1/(2×5) = 1/10 | |
, n (H+) ( ) | f (HCl) = 1/1 = 1 f (H2SO4) = 1/2 f (H3PO4) = 1/3 | |
, n (H) - ( ) | f (KOH) = 1 f (Cu(OH)2) = 1/2 | |
, n () ( ), () ; n () , () | f (Cr2(SO4)3) = 1/(2 × 3) = 1/6 ( ) f (Cr2(SO4)3) = 1/(3 × 2) = 1/6 ( )f (ZnCl2) = 1/(1×2) =1/2 ( ) f (NaCl) = 1/(1 × 1) =1/2 ( ) | |
- | , , | Fe2+ + 2 → Fe0 f (Fe2+) =1/2;MnO4+8H++ 5 =Mn2+ + 4H2O f (MnO4) = 1/5 |
, z | f (SO42) = 1/2 |
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1800 : '' ''. :