In this function Participle I Indefinite corresponds to the Russian .
Participle I Perfect corresponds to the Russian . In some case Participle I in this function is rendered in Russian by an adverbial clause or .
Present Participle (introducing an adverbial phrase)
Shouting loudly and waving his arms, the fat shopkeeper ran down the road. A few feet in front of him a small, thin man was sprinting away. Laughing loudly, he shouted back to the shopkeeper: "You'll never catch me. You'll never get your money back." Concentrating on his conversation with the shopkeeper, the thief had not noticed the small boy playing with his roller skates. Bending quickly, the boy unstrapped a skate and rolled it in front of the man. The thief put his foot on to it and fell flat on his back with a bang.
8. Make one sentence from two using an -ing clause. Model: Jim was playing tennis. He hurt his arm. - Jim hurt his arm playing tennis.
1. I was watching television. I fell asleep. I....
2. The man slipped. He was getting off a bus. The man....
3. I was walking home in the rain. I got wet. I....
4. Margaret was driving to work yesterday. She had an accident....
5. Two firemen were overcome by smoke. They were trying to put out the fire....
9. Make sentences beginning with Having....
Model: She finished her work. Then she went home. - Having finished her work she went home.
1. We bought our tickets. Then we went into the theatre....
2. They continued their journey after they'd had dinner....
3. After Lucy had done all her shopping, she went for a cup of coffee....
10. Make sentences beginning with -ing or Not -ing. Sometimes you need to begin with Having (done something).
Model: I felt tired. So I went to bed early. - Feeling tired, I went to bed early.
1. I thought they might be hungry. So I offered them something to eat....
2. She is a foreigner. So she needs a visa to stay in this country....
3. I didn't know his address. So I wasn't able to contact him....
4. Sarah has traveled a lot. She knows a lot about other countries....
5. The man wasn't able to understand English. So he didn't know what I wanted....
6. We had spent nearly all out money. So we couldn't afford to stay in a hotel....
11. State the functions of Participle I. Translate the sentences into Russian. Put questions beginning with why and when.
1. Finding himself short of petrol the motorist drew up at the next filling station. 2. Having gone into the question of how much the holiday would cost, they decided to stay at home. 3. Discovering that he had a talent for music, the shop assistant gave up his job to become a professional singer. 4. Learning that his newspaper had been taken over by a rival publisher, the editor resigned from his position. 5. Having finished the exercise he gave a sign of relief. 6. The man lost interest in his work, having been passed over in favour of an outsider, when a senior position became vacant. 7. Having been hit by a huge wave, the rowing-boat turned over. 8. Having been told what English food is like, they decided not to spend their holiday in England.
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12. Change the sentences using Participle 11 in the subordinate adverbial clauses. Translate the sentences into Russian. Model: When they were told how much the trip would cost,
they decided to stay at home.
When told how much the trip would cost, they decided
to stay at home.
1. Though she was surprised by his arrival, she did not show it.
2. When she was told the price, she put the shirt back on its place.
3. When he was asked for help, he feigned illness.
4. Though he was hurt by her attitude, he didn't show it.
5. If he was given an opportunity, he would make a good pianist.
6. Her new dress fitted her as though it was made to her measurements.
7. When the modal verb "must" is used with the Perfect Infinitive of the main verb, it has a past time reference.
8. If he is given time, he'll make the first-class chess player.
9. When the boy was left to himself he took the toys and began to play.
10. Though he was annoyed by his failure, he continued to work hard.
Participle I and II as a part of a complex object
This construction with Participle I Indefinite Active or Participle II corresponds to a subordinate object clause in Russian.
13. Read and analyse:
Present Participle (after the verbs of perception)
Jane: One lunchtime Jim and I left the office and went right down to the harbour. It was lovely. We watched boats sailing by and listened to the birds singing.
Sally: Weren't you worried that you'd be late back?
Jane: Not at all. We even paddled and felt the cool water rolling over our feet. It was idyllic.
Sally: Very romantic. But what happened? Did you get back on time?
Jane: Not quite, but fortunately nobody noticed us coining in.
14. Answer these questions beginning in the way shown. Model: Does Tom ever dance? I've never seen him dance (or
dancing). How do you know I came late? I heard you coming in late.
1. Does Ann ever smoke? I've never seen her....
2. How do you know the man took the money? I saw....
3. Did Jack lock the door? Yes, I heard....
4. Did the bell ring? I'm not sure. I didn't hear....
5. Does Tom ever swear (=use bad language)? I've never heard....
6. How can you know Ann can play the piano? I've heard....
7. Did Bill kick the dog? Yes, I saw....
8. Did the boy fall into the water? I didn't see....
15. In each of these situations you and your friend saw, heard or smelt something. This is what you said at the time.
1. Look. There's Ann. She is waiting for a bus.
2. Look. There's Sue. She is playing tennis.
3. Look. There's Tom. He's having a meal in that restaurant.
4. Listen. That's Bill. He's playing the guitar.
5. I can smell something. The dinner is burning.
6. Look. There's Dave. He is talking to Charles. Later you tell someone what you saw, heard or smelt.
1. We saw Ann waiting for a bus.
2. We saw...
3.... in a restaurant.
4....
5....
6....
76. Use the participles given in brackets as parts of complex objects (overflowing, passing, looking, turning, moving, setting, opening, dozing, wondering, giggling, going). Translate the sentences into Russian.
1. Philip felt his heart... with love for his family. 2. "I just happened to be in the neighbourhood", Irving Searle said, "and found myself... by". 3. He turned and saw a pair of dark eyes... at him through the window of the cab. 4. He could feel himself... red. 5. As they danced they watched Chris and Philip's mother... about the room. 6. They turned to see the sun.... 7. He glanced up to see the door slowly.... 8. I found him... under the tree. 9. The news left me... what would happen next.
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10. My clumsy mistake set all the girls.... 11. Please, start the clock....
Have + object +past participle (Participle II)
To say that we arrange for someone else to do something for us, we use the structure have something done.
The word order is important: the past participle (done / repaired etc.) comes after the object (the roof):
| Jill | have | the roof | repaired | yesterday |
| Where did you | have | your hair | done? | |
| We are | having | the house | painted | at the moment |
| Tom has just | had | a telephone | installed | in his flat |
| How often do you | have | your car | serviced? | |
| Why don't you | have | that coat | cleaned? | |
| I want to | have | my photo | taken |
Get something done is possible instead of Have something done (mainly in informal spoken English):
/ think you should get your hair cut. (=have your hair cut.)
17. Use the participles given in brackets as parts of a complex objects (shampooed, cut off, removed, sung, finished, known, saved, changed, translated, seen, known, covered, deserted). Translate the sentences into Russian.
1. I'd like my hair....
2. King Charles I had his head....
3. I've recently had my appendix....
4. Have you ever heard this opera... in Italian?
5. We want the work... by Saturday.
6. You must make your news....
7. They have scarcely any money... for their old age.
8. Can we have the programme...?
9. Please, have these letters... into English.
10. 11 get the matter... to.
11. You should make your views....
12. Have you ever seen the mountains... with snow?
13. They found the house....
18. State the forms and functions of the participles. Translate the sentences into Russian.
1. The amazing thing about the whole situation was that they were able to live for a long time without water. 2. The town deserted since the battles, stood black and half-ruined. 3. Having signed the will I left the office. 4. Fees paid in advance are not refundable. 5. Sitting in a front row we had an excellent view. 6.1 noticed him coming along the road. 7. Students starting on Monday should arrive by 8.30. 8. Ray, depressed after his unfortunate road accident, decided to go on a holiday. 9. Not having studied, I failed the exam. 10. Jane ate her dinner sitting in front of the television. 11.1 watched boats sailing by. 12. The footballer, turning awkwardly, sprained his ankle. 13. I don't like to see singing birds in cages. 14. Being my friend he helped me a lot. 15. Finding him a bore I kept out of his way. 16. He locked the cupboard quickly, as if trying to hide something from us. 17. We were delayed by heavy tracks loaded into the ship. 18. Having been invited to speak to you I must say a few words. 19. Covered with confusion, they apologized abjectly.
20. When questioned, he denied being a member of the group.
21. Considered works of art, they were admitted into the country without customs duties. 22. I can see several people standing. 23. The injured man was taken to hospital. 24. They were well-behaved and well-spoken children. 25. When writing a business letter begin with "Dear Sir". 26. He moved his lips as if trying to speak. 27. I was asked if I had noticed anyone leaving the building. 28. We all suddenly sensed danger approaching. 29. You should have your eyes tested. 30. I'd like the work finished by Wednesday.
The Objective Participial Construction
It is a construction in which the participle is in predicate relation to a noun in the common case or a pronoun in the objective case.
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Pr. + Part. I.
/ saw him working in the library. , .
N + Part. I. noticed Lena coming in. , .
The participle working is in predicate relation to the pronoun him, which denotes the doer of the action expressed by the participle. In the Objective Participial Construction Participle I Indefinite Active or Participle II is used. In the sentence this construction has the function of a complex object. It usually corresponds to a subordinate object clause in Russian.
The Objective Participial Construction may be found:
a) after the verbs denoting sense perception, such as to
see, to hear, to feel, to find, etc. I found my friends waiting for me. , . We heard him coming home. , . / saw the car starting. , . / watched my mother cooking dinner. , . We felt the weather changing, wind getting stronger. , , . / heard my name called. , .
b) after some verbs of mental activity, such as to consider, to understand.
I consider myself engaged to Patrick.
.
We considered the problem solved.
, .
c) after the verbs denoting wish, such as to want, to wish, to desire. In this case only Participle II is used.
We wanted his article typed.
, .
/ want it done tomorrow.
, .
d) after the verbs to have and to get: after these verbs only Participle II is used.
He had several books brought.
.
My sister had her coat altered.
.
You can get your clothes made in Europe.
.
/ want to have my hair done.
.
In this case the Objective Participial Construction shows that the action expressed by the participle is performed at the request of the person denoted by the subject of the sentence. Thus / had the piano tuned means "/ made someone tune the piano". (.. - ).
The Subjective Participial Construction
It is a construction in which the participle (mostly Participle I) is in predicate relation to a noun in the common case or a pronoun in the nominative case, which is the subject of the sentence.
Pr. Part I.
They were heard talking together.
, .
In rendering this construction in Russian a complex sentence is generally used; the principal clause is of the type which in Russian syntax is called "indefinite-personal" (- ).
The peculiarity of this construction is that it does not serve as one part of the sentence: one of its component parts has the function of the subject, the other forms part of a compound verbal predicate.
This construction is chiefly used after verbs of sense perception.
/. The girls were heard playing violin.
, .
2. The father and the son were seen cycling. , .
3. She was seen crossing the street. , .
4. They were seen discussing something at the window. , - .
5. They are heard singing in the hall. , .
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