The following declaration was adopted by the World Conference onDoping in Sport, organized by the International Olympic Committee on4 February 19__, in Lausanne, Switzerland:
Considering that doping practices contravene sport and medical ethics, and that they constitute violations of the rules established by the Olympic Movement, and
Concerned by the threat that doping poses to the health of athletes and youth in general;
Recognizing that the fight against doping in sport is the concern of all, the Olympic Movement and other sports organizations, governments, intergovernmental and non-governmental organizations, sportsmen and sportswomen throughout the world, and their entourage; The World Conference on Doping in Sport, with the participation of representatives of governments, of inter-governmental and non-governmental organizations, of the International Olympic Committee (IOC), the International Sports Federations (IFs), the National Olympic Committees (NOCs), and of the athletes, DECLARES:
1. Education, prevention and athletes' rights
The Olympic oath shall be extended to coaches and other officials, and shall include the respect of integrity, ethics and fair play in sport. Educational and preventive campaigns will be intensified, focusing principally on youth, and athletes and their entourage.
2.Olympic Movement Anti-Doping Code
The Olympic Movement Anti-Doping Code is accepted as the basis for the fight against doping, which is defined as the use of an artifice, whether substance or method, potentially dangerous to athletes' health and/or capable of enhancing their performances, or the presence in the; athlete's body of a substance, or the ascertainment of the use of a method on the list annexed to the Olympic Movement Anti-Doping Code.
The Olympic Movement Anti-Doping Code applies to all athletes, coaches, instructors, officials, and to all medical and paramedical staff working with athletes or treating athletes participating in or training for sports competitions organized within the framework of the Olympic Movement.
3. Sanctions
The sanctions which apply to doping violations will be imposed within the framework of controls both during and out of competition. In accordance with the wishes of the athletes, the NOCs and a large majority of the IFs, the minimum required sanction for major doping substances or prohibited methods shall be a suspension of the athlete from all competitions for a period of two years, for a first offence. However, based on specific, exceptional circumstances to be evaluated in the first instance bythe competent IF bodies, there may be a provision for a possible modification of the two-year sanction. Additional sanctions or measures may be applied. More severe sanctions shall apply to coaches and officials guilty of violations of the Olympic Movement Anti-Doping Code. [... ]
XVII. Complete the following:
| The participants in the International Conference on..., | express their urgent and deep concern over...; strongly condemn the further escalation of...; note with special anxiety the use of...; deplore the position of...; express their full support for...; pay special tribute to...; note with satisfaction that...; call upon world public opinion...; appeal to all those concerned...; pledge to spare no effort...; |
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XVIII.Précis the text of a declaration in about one-third of its size.
European Council in Copenhagen Meeting on 7 and 8 April 1978
Declaration on Democracy
The election of the Members of the Assembly by direct universal suffrage is an event of outstanding importance for the future of the European Communities and a vivid demonstration of the ideals of democracy shared by the people within them.
The creation of the Communities, which is the foundation of ever closer union among the peoples of Europe called for in the Treaty of Rome, marked the determination of their founders to strengthen the protection of peace and freedom.
The Heads of State and of Government confirm their will, expressed in the Copenhagen Declaration on the European identity, to ensure that the cherished values of their legal, political and moral order are respected and to safeguard the principles of representative democracy, of the rule of law, of social justice and of respect for human rights.
The application of these principles implies a political system of pluralist democracy which guarantees both the free expression of opinions within the constitutional organization of powers and the procedures necessary for the protection of human rights.
The Heads of State and of Government associate themselves with the Joint Declaration by the Assembly, the Council and the Commission whereby these institutions expressed their determination to respect fundamental rights in pursuing the aims of the Communities.
They solemnly declare that respect for and maintenance of representative democracy and human rights in each Member State are essential elements of membership of the European Communities.
XIX. Study the text and comment on its lexical and stylistic peculiarities:'
Take note of the words and phrases in bold type.
XX. Translate into English.
