The Government of (name of country) and the Government of (name of country),
Confirming that cooperation between the two countries is based on the principles of respect for state sovereignty, independence, non-interference in internal affairs, complete equality and mutual assistance,
Guided by the need to steadily advance the national economies of both countries and to improve the well-being of their peoples,
Convinced that all-round cooperation between the two countries
twill contribute to the cause of peace and the relaxation of international tension,
HAVE AGREED on the present Long-Term Programme for the Development of Economic, Scientific and Technical Cooperation between....
1. Basic Results of Cooperation
The economic, scientific and technical ties between... are characterized by a steady growth in scale and the expansion of the range of branches involved.
In 1991-95 the volume of technical assistance to... is more than double as compared with the previous five-year period.
Trade between... is growing at a rapid rate and is to be roughly trebled in the present five-year period as compared with 1986-90.
2. Main Guidelines for Long-Term Cooperation
The Sides have found it essential to develop and deepen their economic, scientific and technical cooperation and to this end have agreed:
to work closer together in the leading branches of the economy;
to develop contacts in the training of national personnel in the sphere of culture, education and public health;
to take the necessary measures to ensure the fuller utilization of the production potentials of both countries.
3. Priority Areas of Cooperation
The Sides have found it expedient to concentrate on cooperation in the following priority areas:
in agriculture, engineering, the fuel and energy branches, the sphere of transport and communications, as well as in the sphere of geological prospecting.
4. Implementation of the Programme
The Sides have agreed to hold consultations on questions relating to the implementation of the present Long-Term Programme.
Verification of the implementation of the Programme shall be vested in the Intergovernmental Commission for Economic, Scientific and Technical Cooperation.
The present Long-Term Programme may be amended and supplemented by the Sides depending on the results achieved and also on the new requirements and possibilities that might open in the development of cooperation.
DONE AT... on October 31, 19___ in two copies, each in the English and Arabic languages, both texts being equally authentic.
For the Government
of .
(signed)
For the Government
of ..
(signed)
ASSIGNMENTS
I. Read the text and answer the checkup questions.
1. What does the term agreement imply in a generic and a restricted sense? 2. What is the main distinction between the terms treaty and agreement used in a restricted sense? 3. What are inter-agency agreements? 4. What terms substantially similar to agreement are employed in diplomatic practice? 5. What is the general procedure of concluding an agreement by an exchange of notes? 6. What agreements are not subject to ratification? 7. What is the compositional design of most agreements of a binding nature?
|
|
|
II. Complete the following sentences using the required information from the above text.
1. Sometimes agreements are concluded between.... 2. A temporary or working arrangement made in order to bridge over some difficulty... 3. Agreements are frequently concluded by an exchange of.... 4. Commercial agreements of a temporary nature.... 5. Diplomats divide international agreements into.... 6. A distinction must always be drawn between . 7. Other terms sometimes used instead of agreement are....
III. Study the texts in exhibits 4 to 8, comment on their differences similarities.
IV. Memorize the phrases below, suggest their Russian equivalents.
1) being equally authentic; 2) by mutual agreement; 3) on signature;
4) through diplomatic channels; 5) through mutually agreed measures;
6) to exert every effort; 7) to facilitate the expansion of contacts; 8) to
promote better understanding; 9) to provide favourable conditions for; 10) to render assistance.
V. Define the following terms in English consulting the Glossary of Diplomatic Terms if necessary.
accession, accord, alternat, compromis darbitrage, concordat, consensus, covenant.
VI. Study the use of italicized words in different phrases, suggest their Russian equivalents.
AGREEMENT
arms-control ≈.; bilateral ≈.; cease-fire ≈; commercial ≈; cultural exchange ≈.; intergovernmental ≈; interim ≈; interstate ≈; legally binding ≈; long-term ≈; multilateral ≈; multipartite ≈; mutual preliminary ≈; regional ≈; quadripartite ≈; trade ≈; trilateral ≈; tripartite ≈;≈ on the establishment of diplomatic relations; ≈ on limiting nuclear weapons; ≈ on tariffs and trade; ≈ of unlimited duration; ≈ on a wide range of issues; in accordance with the ≈ achieved;
to abrogate an ≈; to annul an ≈; to break an ≈; to come to an ≈; to conclude an ≈;
to denounce an ≈; to enter into an ≈; to honour an ≈; to observe an ≈; to ratify an ≈; to reach ; to sign an ≈; to violate an ≈;
COMMITMENT
international ≈ s; interstate ≈ s; treaty ≈ s; ≈ s arising out of (from) the basic provisions (terms) of a treaty; a ≈ to refrain from the threat or use of force; to assume a ≈; to make no ≈ s; to meet ones ≈; to shirk ones ≈; to undertake a ≈; to violate a ≈.
VII. Suggest the English for:
1) ; 2) ; 3) ; 4) ; 5) ; 6) ; 7) ; 8) , ; 9) ; 10) ; 11) ; 12) ; 13) ; 14)
|
|
|
VIII. Translate the following Latin expressions into Russian consulting Appendix I if necessary.
ad hoc: arranged for this purpose; a fortiori: the more so; a priori: prior to; contra pacem: against peace; ex officio: by virtue of ones office or position; gratis dictum: a free will statement; inter se: between or among themselves; inter alia: among other things; ipso facto: by that very fact or act; thereby; ipso jure: by that very right; per annum: annually;
per capita: for each individual; per se: by or in itself; intrinsically; prima facie: (based) on the first impression; [in law adequate to establish a fact or raise a presumption of fact unless refuted; pro and con: [of arguments or reasons for and against; pro rata: in proportion to a total sum.
IX. Memorize the archaic words below pertaining to the formal style. Translate into Russian using the following definitions.
thereafter: after that in time or sequence; subsequently; thereat: at that place; on that account; after that; thereby: by that means; as a result of that; therefrom: from this (that); therein: in that place; in that respect; thereinafter: in the following part (of that document, speech, etc.); thereinto: into that place; into that matter, condition, etc.: thereof: of that; concerning that; from that as a cause; thereon: on that; concerning that subject; immediately following that;
thereto: to that place; in addition to that; besides; thereupon: soon or immediately after that; concerning that subject; therewith: in addition to that; immediately thereafter.
X. Translate into Russian paying attention to the words in bold type.
1. All documents signed at the same time as an agreement or which are annexed thereto form a part of the official text. 2. Such declarations shall be deposited with the Secretary-General of the United Nations, who shall transmit copies thereof to the parties to the Statute. 3. Any State Party to the present Covenant may propose an amendment and file it with the Secretary-General of the United Nations. The Secretary-General shall thereupon communicate any proposed amendments to the States Parties to the present Covenant. 4. Unesco is a specialized agency responsible for taking such action as may be appropriate under its basic instrument for the accomplishment of the purposes set forth therein. 5. In case of doubt as to the interpretation and application of any of the foregoing Regulations, the Director-General is authorized to rule thereon. 6. Each State Party may at the time of signature or ratification of this Convention or accession thereto declare that it does not consider itself bound by paragraph 1 of this article. 7. The United Nations has condemned colonialism and all practices of segregation and discrimination associated therewith.
XI. Find out the meaning of the verb prejudice in the sentences below (see exhibit 4).
1. Nothing in this Agreement shall be construed to prejudice other agreements concluded between both Parties. 2. It is understood that the content of the Notes exchanged does not prejudice the respective positions of the two Governments with respect to article XIX (1) of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade.
XII. Translate into Russian.
1. Nothing in paragraph 4 below should in any way prejudice the position of any Member State on this question. 2. The provisions of this article are without prejudice to the responsibilities of the Committee under article 41. 3. States Parties undertake to adopt effective measures with a view to combatting prejudices which lead to racial discrimination. 4. A declaration may be withdrawn at any time by notification to the Secretary-General. Such a withdrawal shall not prejudice the consideration of any matter which is the subject of a communication already transmitted under this article. 5. The provisions for the implementation of the present Covenant shall apply without prejudice to the procedures prescribed in the field of human rights by or under the constituent instruments and the conventions of the United Nations.
|
|
|
6. Nothing in the present Convention shall be deemed to prejudice any legislation which ensures stricter conditions than those provided by the present Convention. 7. Denunciation shall be without prejudice to the continued application of the provisions of the present Protocol to any communication submitted under article 2 before the effective date of denunciation.
XIII. Study the use of upon in different phrases. Mind that it may correspond to the Russian prepositions , and
|
UPON | acceptance of this proposal |
| agreement by the parties concerned | |
| the conclusion of negotiations | |
| entry into force | |
| the exchange of instruments of ratification | |
| the recommendation of the Security Council | |
| a request submitted to the Director-General |
XIV. Study the plural forms of nouns borrowed from other languages (mostly Latin). Mind that some of them have two plurals (English and foreign, e.g. indexes, indices). The list given below shows the prescribed plurals of some of these nouns in United Nations usage.
addendum addenda, appendix appendices, biennium bienniums, bureau bureaux, criterion criteria, curriculum curricula, datum data, formula formulas, forum forums, geniusgeniuses, gymnasium gymnasiums, honorarium honorariums, hypothesis hypotheses, index indexes, medium mediums (But: media, for channels of information), memorandum memoranda, phenomenon phenomena, referendum referendums, series series, spectrum spectra, stimulus stimuli, stratum strata, syllabus syllabuses, symposium symposia, synopsis synopses, thesis theses.
Note: The word agenda is now usually treated as a singular noun meaning a list of items for consideration; in this sense agendas as a plural form is permissible.
XV. Translate into English paying attention to the number of nouns.
1) ; 2) ; 3) ; 4) ; 5) ; 6) ; 7) ; 8) ; 9) ;
10) .
XVI. Make up a few sentences following the models.
Model 1. The General Assembly recommended that the Security Council (should) consider the situation as a matter of urgency.
Model 2. I have the honour to propose that the Agreement (should) be amended as follows.
XVII. Do the two-way translation of the texts filling in the blanks with the underlined expressions from the opposite column.
| AMENDMENT to the Draft Programme and Budget for 1993 1994 | 1993 -1994 |
| Part II Unesco Programme Operations | II |
| Major Programme V Education, Training and Society | V |
| The General Conference, Recalling the importance of international cooperation (1)... called for by the (2) Revised Recommendation concerning Technical and Vocational Education it adopted at its eighteenth session; | , (1) , (2) , 18- |
| Recognizing that international cooperation in the field of technical and vocational education contributes to friendly understanding and the maintenance of peace between nations; | , |
| Considering that the development of national systems of technical and vocational education is (3) | , (3) |
| Considering that (4) in spite of diversity of educational systems in the world similar questions and problems concerning technical and vocational education arise in all countries; | , (4) , , |
| Aware that for the solution of many problems of technical and vocational education a common strategy and serious (5)... are required, Authorizes the Director-General, | , (5) , , |
| (a) 6... of the Organization in the sphere of technical and vocational education on the following priorities: the development and (7) expansion of technological literacy. | () (6) : (7) . |
|
|
|
VIII. Précis the following text in about one-third of its size.
AGREEMENT
between the Union of Soviet SocialistRepublics and the United States
of America concerning Cooperationin the Exploration
and Use of Outer Space for Peaceful Purposes
The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics and the United States of America,
Considering the role which the USSR and the USA play in the exploration and use of outer space for peaceful purposes;
Striving for a further expansion of cooperation between the USSR and the USA in the exploration and use of outer space for peaceful purposes;
Noting the positive cooperation which the parties have already experienced in this area;
Desiring to make the results of scientific research gained from the exploration and use of outer space for peaceful purposes available for the benefit of the peoples of the two countries and of all peoples of the world;
Taking into consideration the provisions of the Treaty on Principles Governing the Activities of States in the Exploration and Use of Outer Space, Including the Moon and Other Celestial Bodies, as well as the Agreement on the Rescue of Astronauts, the Return of Astronauts, and the Return of Objects Launched into Outer Space;
Encouraged by the progress made in the course of mutually agreed activities pursued under the Agreement Between the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics and the United States of America Concerning Cooperation in the Exploration and Use of Outer Space for Peaceful Purposes []
HAVE AGREED as follows:
Article 1
The Parties shall continue to develop cooperation in such fields of space science and applications as space meteorology; study of the natural environment; exploration of near earth space, the moon and the planets; space biology and medicine; satellite search and rescue systems. [...]
Article 2
The Parties shall carry out such cooperation through their appropriate national agencies by means of mutual exchanges of scientific information and delegations, and meetings of scientists and specialists of both countries, and also in such other ways as may be mutually agreed.
Article 3
The Parties shall take all necessary measures for the further development of cooperation in the area of manned space flights for scientific and practical objectives, including the use in joint flights of compatible docking and rendezvous systems derived from those developed during the experimental flight of Soyuz and Apollo spacecraft in July 1975. []
Article 4
The Parties shall encourage international efforts to resolve problems of international law in the exploration and use of outer space for peaceful purposes with the aim of strengthening the legal order in space and further developing international space law, and shall cooperate in this field.
|
|
|
Article 5
The Parties may by mutual agreement determine other areas of cooperation in the exploration and use of outer space for peaceful purposes.
Article 6
This agreement shall enter into force May 24, 1977, and shall remain in force for five years. It may be modified or extended by mutual agreement of the Parties.
DONE AT Geneva this 18th day of May 1977 in duplicate, in the Russian and English languages, both texts equally authentic.
For the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
(signed)
For the United States of America
(signed)
XIX. Complete the following letters constituting an agreement between the Government of Kenya and the Government of Denmark.
ROYAL DANISH
EMBASSY
NAIROBI
Nairobi, 18 March 19_
Ref. No._____
Sir,
________________ to article 3 of Agreement between the Government of Kenya and the Government of Denmark on the Establishment of an Industrial Training Centre in Mombasa _______________ 20 September 19_, and to the Kenya Governments request funds for the purchase of additional equipment, contained in letter _______________ 24 October 19_, from the Treasury, I _______________ to inform you that the Government of Denmark is willing to increase its financial contribution by 1, 100, 000 Danish Kroner.
If the foregoing is acceptable to the Government of Kenya, I_____________ to suggest that ______________ as an amendment to the said Agreement.
I have the honour to remain, Sir, yours faithfully,
(signed)
.
Ambassador of Denmark
The Permanent Secretary
Office of the Vice- President
and Ministry of Finance
Nairobi
REPUBLIC OF KENYAOFFICE OF THE VICE-PRESIDENT
AND MINISTRYOF FINANCE
THE TREASURY
Nairobi, 23 March 19__
Ref. No.____
Your Excellency,
I ______________ to ______________ your letter No._______ of
18 March 19__, which states the following:
[as in letter I]
I have the pleasure in confirming that the ____________ is _____________ to the Government of ____________ and that your letter referred to herein and my reply hereto between our two Governments.
Please accept, Your Excellency, _______________
..
Permanent Secretary to the
Treasury
His Excellency Mr .
Ambassador of Denmark
Royal Danish Embassy
Nairobi
XX. Write two letters constituting an agreement. Use the information below, consult table 10 if necessary.
The Contracting Parties: the Government of Spain and the Government of Norway.
Subject Matter: the continuation of a transitional period of Spanish fishing within waters over which Norway exercises sovereign rights.
Reference: to the negotiations which have taken place between the two Governments in connection with the establishment of a Norwegian economic zone of 200 nautical miles.
Terms and Conditions of the Agreement: I) the Government of Norway undertakes to permit Spanish fishing vessels to fish within Norways economic zone north of latitude 62 N beyond a distance of 50 nautical miles from the applicable baselines for a period up to and including 31 December l9__; 2) Spanish fishing vessels shall obtain licences from the competent authorities of the Government of Norway; 3) the Government of Spain shall ensure that vessels flying the Spanish flag observe the provisions of this Agreement and other Norwegian regulations in force.
Exchange of Letters: between the Norwegian Minister of Fisheries and the Ambassador of Spain.
XXI. Speak on the variety, style and composition of international agreements.
Table 10
