.


:




:

































 

 

 

 


: e, d.




: investigate investigate d, examine examined,play play ed

 

: y i , , L.: L ).

: study stud ied, stop stop ped, travel travel led

 

, , ( PastSimple). .

 

: do did, go went, speak spoke, begin began

 

did. not, - (, 1 ).

: We went fishing. We didnt go fishing.

They started theconstruction of a new school. They didnt start the construction of a new school.

 

did , - .

: When did he graduate from the university?‒Did you pass your test yesterday? ‒What did thecompany begin?

 

be P as t Simple waswere ‒ . .

 

: I was at home at 6 oclock yesterday. I wasnt at home at 6 oclock yesterday. Was I at home at 6 oclock yesterday?

We were very tired. We werent very tired. Were we very tired?

 

P as t Simple be was, were astparticiple ( , + ed).

: The house was built 2 years ago.‒ 2 .

The researches were carried out in this laboratory.‒.

 

8. P as t Simple

go study begin sit forget regret finish understand drop read start credit

9. PastSimple

1. The goods ______ (be) in transit four days.

2. He immediately ______ (phone) to his office to report the loss.

3. Someone ______ (make) repeated multiple incorrect password attempts.

4. The administrator ______ (see) a security alert on a computer screen.

5. The police ______ (complete) the investigation into a loss of encrypted data.

6. The maintenance team ______ (repair) the fault in the jet engine.

7. The carton ______ (pass) through the scanning portal.

8. That system ______ (keep) an eye on security issues.

9. The major building companies ______ (ask) the government about subsidiaries.

10. A sensor ______ (detect) a change in surroundings and ______ (convert) it into a signal which ______ (be) read by an observer.

 

10. 9

: The police completed the investigation into a loss of encrypted data. ‒The police didnt complete the investigation into a loss of encrypted data.

11. . ( a) ()

: They built t he house 2 years ago. The house was built 2 years ago.

 

1. Theycancelled acontract.

2. The company gave a discount.

3. They missed the deadline.

4. They recommended some improvements.

5. They pump sea water on the green house roof.

6. The government announced an award of 65mln to the company researching the most promising micro nano scale technology.

7. We normally produced research studiesand preliminary analysis.

8. They made ancient paper entirely of rags; we made modern paper from wood pulp ‒a faster and cheaperalternative.

9. We designed the longest bridge in the world.

10. Somebody dented the speakers.

11. They cracked the cover of the plug.

12. Someone tore the manual.

13. The Russians launched Sputnik on the 5th October 1957.

14. The Europeans launched Galileo, a global navigation satellite.

15. A virus attacked our office computers two hours ago.

 

12. (10 15) .

1. When and where were you born?

2. How old were your parents when you were born?

3. What school did you study at?

4. What subjects were you good at?

5. What subjects were you bad at?

6. What were you interested in when you were young?

7. What food did you like when you were young?

8. What did you enjoy doing in your free time?

9. What music did you listen to?

10. How did you spend your holidays?

11. What films did you watch?

12. Did you have a happy childhood?

13.

. , , : , . , , -y, -e, -er, -ow, - er, ‒ - est.

 

: small small er the small est

-y , -y -i-

 

: prett y prett ier the prett iest

 

,

: big bi gg er thebi gg est

, ( -y, -e, -er, -ow) more , ‒ most , , .

: interesting more interesting themost interesting

, , .

: good (well) , ‒ better ‒ thebest

bad (badly) , ‒ worse ‒ theworst

little ‒ less ‒ theleast

many (much) ‒ more ‒ themost

far , ‒ farther / further ‒ thefarthest / thefurthest

 

14.

 

hot small attractive busy stable beautiful shallow safe dangerous intelligent

 

 

15. / .

 

1. The technology has a very ______ (big) environmentalbenefit, because snake wells mean that you can build ______ (few) oil platforms

and do ______ (little) drilling.

2. This enables continuous monitoringof production, and engineers can make______ (speedy) decisions on how ______ (good) to extractthe maximum amount of oil.

3. Champion West has been changedinto one of the worlds ______ (advanced) oil and gas fields by means of SmartFields technology and ______ (new) drillingtechniques.

4. This ______ (new) type of smoke detector is ______ (sensitive) than our ______ (old) model.

5. A bipolar transistor is ______ (common) form of transistor.

6. A bit is ______ (small) unit of binary data.

7. Sending the goods by air is certainly ______ (quick) but it's also ______ (expensive).

8. Pollution of the ground is ______ (serious) in area A than in area B.

9. Please wear ear protection because it's ______ (noisy) here than in the other areas.

10. That was ______ (loud) explosion I've ever heard.

11. This data are ______ (reliable) of all.

12. We finished the project ______ (fast) than expected.

13. Improved quality control has led to ______ (high) efficiency in production.

 

 

16.

 

1. What is the most interesting film youve seen?

2. What is the worst food youve ever eaten?

3. Which is more difficult for you English or mathematics?

4. Where was your best holiday?

5. Who is the oldest in your family?

6. Who is the youngest in your family?

7. What is the best day of your life? Why?

8. What subject takes you more time to get ready?

9. What subject is the most interesting for you?

10. Whatsubject isthe least interesting for you?

 

 

17.

 

Continuous , , , . be ( , ) + o - ing.

- ing :

1. -, , : take taking, make making;

2. , : stop stopping, drop dropping;

3. , : occur occurring, forget forgetting:

4. -l, / ( ): travel travelling, expel expelling

5. : stay staying, carry carrying

6. , -i, -i -: lie lying, die dying.

 

Present Continuous , . , now , at the moment .., (Heisalwayscomplaining. ‒ .), , , (NextweekImflyingtoMoscowonbusiness. ‒ .)

Present Continuous :

 

1. : am / is / are + ing

: Iam checking the delivery. ‒ .

The manager (he / she / it) is checking the delivery. ‒ .

We /you / they are checking the delivery. ‒ / / / .

2. : amnot / isnot / arenot + - ing

 

: Iam not checking the delivery. ‒ .

The manager (he / she / it) is not checking the delivery. ‒ .

We /you / they are not checking the delivery. ‒ / / / .

 

3. : Am / Is / Are + + - ing

 

: m Ichecking the delivery?

re we /you / they checking the delivery?

Ishe / she / itchecking the delivery?

 

PastContinuous , , :

 

1. : was / were + - ing

 

: I / he / she / it was checking the delivery at 4 oclock. ‒ / / / 4 .

We /you / they were checking the delivery. ‒ / / / 4 .

 

2. : wasnot / werenot + - ing

 

: I / he / she / it wasnot checking the delivery at
4 oclock. ‒ / / / 4 .

We /you / they were not checking the delivery. ‒ / / / 4 .

 

3. : Was / Were + + - ing.

: Was I / he / she / itchecking the delivery at 4 oclock?

Were we /you / they checking the delivery?

 

 

18. , PresentContinuous / PastContinuous

 

1. Whatwereyou doing at 12 oclock on 31st of December?

2. What were you wearing?

3. What were your family doing?

4. Was the TV working?

5. What were you feeling at that moment?

6. What are you doing now?

7. Whatareyou wearing?

8. Whereareyou sitting?

9. What time of a day are you doing this test?

10. What dictionary are you using?

 

19. , ,

20. (10 ‒ 15 )

 

 

2

1.

 

M - s, - es s, sh, ch, o. + y, y i, - es. , y, -s.

C, -f -fe, f v,
-es.

 

: wire , wires, switch switches, box ‒ boxes, study , ‒ studies, play ‒ plays, life ‒ lives

 

. , , , y.

 

: passer-by passers-by, grown-up grown-ups, forget-me-not ‒ forget-me-nots, looker-on , ‒ lookers-on

 

, .

: foot ‒ feet, tooth ‒ teeth, man , ‒ men, woman ‒ women, mouse ‒ mice, goose ‒ geese, child ‒ children, datum , ‒ data, analysis , ‒ analyses

2. , ,

 

1. The present machinery is old and a breakdown recently has caused a production backlog.

2. An investment decision method focuses on an alternative method for

financing the investment needed.

3. The process material is tested using a highly developed analyses technique.

4. Charles Dyson is the inventor of a vacuum cleaner which works on a new principle.

5. A report was prepared on a test that had been carried out.

6. This method of production is still at an experimental stage.

7. A test is carried out on a volunteer.

8. A decision is made by the committee and a license issued before the new product isintroduced.

 

 

3.

 

PresentPerfect I / we / you / they - have has he / she / it astparticiple ( , + ed).

 

: She has just finished her investigation.‒ .

Engineers have already developed a new type of engine.‒ .

not have / has.

 

: She hasntfinished her investigation. ‒ .

Engineers havent developed a new type of engine. ‒ .

, have / has .

 

: Has she just finished her investigation?‒ ?

Have engineers already developed a new type of engine?‒ ?

 

PresentPerfect y :

 

1. , . , .

 

: She has read this book. ‒ . ( .)

 

Present Perfect just , already , yet , lately , of late , recently .

 

: The mail has just come. ‒ .

He has seen a lot of films lately. ‒ .

 

2. , , , , today , this week , this month , this year .

 

: I have written a letter this morning. ‒ () . ( )

 

Present Perfect have / has + been + astparticiple ( , + ed

: The letter has been written this morning. ‒ .

The new products have already been produced. ‒ .

 

 

4. PresentPerfect

 

1. Archimedes stepped into his bath and shouted Eureka!‒ I ______ (discover) it!

2. Improvedqualitycontrol______ (lead) to higher efficiency in production.

3. Recent faults with equipment ______(cost) the companya great deal of slack tie.

4. The scientists ______ (present) a detailed resultsof the analyses.

5. The researchers ______ (develop) innovative idea of recyclingwastes.

6. The speed of processing data______ (significantly increase).

7. We ______ (renew) our companys page.

8. The motor company ______ (announced) that they are recalling all their cars produced in February.

9. Our security department ______ (gather) all necessary information about our potential partner.

10. Our contractor ______ (build) a supporting wall.

11. The newly designed model ______ (already come off) the production line.

12. They ______ (introduce) completely new airbags.

13. Our engineers ______ (analyze) theresults of the carried out tests.

14. A new open-pit mine ______ (start) operating this week.

15. Over the last twenty years, the average size of households ______ (fall) dramatically.

 

 

5. 4

6.

1. Have you ever changed your job?If yes, when exactly?

2. What films have you recently seen?

3. What cities have you visited this year? Why did you go there?

4. Haveyoueverbeenabroad? If yes, what countries have you visited? Ifno, whatcountriesdoyouwanttovisit?

5. Have you ever taken part in competitions / contests? If yes, in what competitions / contests? If no, would you like to take part in any?

6. Have you ever gone away on business? If yes, where did you go?

7. What is the best place you have ever been? Why did you like it?

8. What is the most unusual food you have ever tried? What was it like?

9. What is the best holiday you have ever had? When and where was it?

10. What is the most difficult task you have ever fulfilled?

 

 

7.

 

M , , , . , , , , , , , . .

: It must be a great fun.‒ , .

I cant really believe it.‒ , , .

You should see a doctor.‒ .

 

can (beable) , ; must (haveto , - ) ; may , ; should , need , , allow , (beallowedto).

 

8. , .





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