.


:




:

































 

 

 

 


Iberians [aI'bi:rjRnz] / ( , ; IIIII . .. .




 

2. Druids ['dru:Idz] , , , , , , .

3. Celts [kelts] , , 2- I , .

4. ' Britons , Picts , Scots , Gauls [gO:lz] , , .

5. Pytheus ['pIYjRs] , , IV . . . ; .

6. Marseilles [mQr'seIj] , - .

7. Herodotus [he'rOdRtRs] , , .

8. Hadrian s ['heIdrIRnz] Wall , ( ) , .

 

9. Offa s Dyke ['OfRzLdaIk] , , VIII .; .

10. St. Alban [snt'O:lbRn] ( 287 .), -, . 22 .

11. Angles [WNglz] , ' Saxons , Jutes [dGu:ts] , V ..

12. Jutland ['dGu:tlRnd] Peninsular [pI'nInsju:lR] , .

13. Sussex ['sAsIks] , Wessex ['wesIks] , Essex ['esIks] , Kent , Mercia ['mR:SjR] , East Anglia ['WNglIR] , Northumbria [nO:'YAmbrIR] , , - VI VII .

14. ' Brittany , , -.

15. Ruthwell ['rITl] Cross ( . , ).

16. Old English (VXI .); Middle English (XIXV .); New English (XVXXI .)

17. Caedmon ['kWdmRn] , , (XII .).

18. the Venerable Bede [bi:d] (672735), , , .

19. Beowulf ['beIRwulf] , - , , .

20. Danelaw (Danelagh) ['deIn'lO:] , - IXX .; , ( ).

21. Danegeld ['deIngeld] , 991 . . 1012 1163 .

22. Canute (Cnut) [k(R)'nu:t] , , (10161035). .

23. Edward ['edwRd] the Confessor [kRn'fesR] , (XI .), .

Chapter 2

1. Normandy , ,

2. William the Conqueror ['kONkRrR] ( I), , .

 

3. Battle of Hastings ['heIstINz] (1066), - . .

4. Domesday ['du:mzdeI] Book , , , .

5. Richard the Lion Heart (Richard Lion - Hearted) , (11891199), , .

6. Thomas ' Malory , XV ., . .

7. Thomas a Beckett , , . II, .

8. Magna Carta ['mWgnR'kQ:tR] ( the Great Charter) , , 1215 . , , .

9. Simon de Monfort ['saImRndR'mOntfOt] , , , .

10. ' levelled endings , .

11. syn ' thetic forms , ().

12. ana ' lytical forms , .

 

13. romance [rou'mWns/rRmWns] , ; ().

 

Chapter 3

 

1. the Low Countries ,

.

2. gentry ['dGentrI] , .

3. guild [gIld] , , , .

4. copyholder (: , ); . , 1925 .

5. Flanders ['flWndRz] , , ; . Flemish , .

6. Venice ['venIs] , ; . Venetian [vI'ni:SRn] .

7. Hanseatic League [LhWnsI'WtIk'li:g] , , XIVXVI . - . - , .

 

8. Yeomanry ['joumRnrI] , , .

9. Rouen [rwQ:] , .

10. Wars of the Roses , , ( ) ( ).

11. ' Lollards , , , 1381 .

12. Petrarch [pe'trQ:rk], Boccaccio [bou'kWtSIou] , , .

13. incunabula [LInkju:'nWbju:lR] or incunable [In'kju:nRbl] (pl. incunables) , , 1500 . .

Chapter 4

 

1. Cape of Good Hope .

2. the West Indies (, ..)

 

3. John Cabot ['kWbRt] , ; .

4. Reformation : 1. . 2. XVI ., . . , . , . .

5. Catherine of ' Aragon ; Anne Boleyne ['bulIn, bu'lIn, bu'leIn] ; Jane Seymour ['si:mR] ; Anne of Cleves [kli:vz] ; Catherine Howard ['hauRd] ; Catherine Parr [pQ:] VIII.

6. Mary Tudor (Bloody Mary) ( ), , VIII . 300 , .

7. Mary Stuart ['stjuRt] or Mary Queen of Scots , (1542-87), . , I , .

8. Dante ['dWntI] ; Leo ' nardo da Vinci ['vIntSI] ; Michelangelo [maIkl'WndGelou] ; Rabelais [rRb'leI] ; Erasmus [I'rWzmRs] of ' Rotterdam ; Copernicus [kou'pR:nIkRs] ; Francis Bacon ; Albrecht Durer ['dju:rRr] ; Machiavelli [LmWkjR'velI] ; Hans Holbein ['hOlbaIn] .

9. Thomas More [mO:] , , ; , ( Utopia [ju:'toupjR]).

11. Elizabethans , XVI XVII ., 20 I I: . , . , . , . , . , . , . .

12. Walter Raleigh (Raleigh) ['rO:lI] (), , , , , , I.

13. the Invincible [In'vInsRbl] Ar ' mada , , 1586-1588 . ; 1588 .

15. virginal ['vR:dGInRl] ,





:


: 2018-10-15; !; : 395 |


:

:

, .
==> ...

1829 - | 1635 -


© 2015-2024 lektsii.org - -

: 0.017 .