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1.

. ( ), - .

, ( ) () , .

- , , . P, P -. , .

x P -

x = anPn + an -1 Pn -1 +... + a 1 P 1 + a 0 P 0 + a -1 P -1 +... + a-mP-m

, , . , P .

P > 1 :

1) , P, . P, . , . P , ;

2) , P, . P .. , . . , . , , - P.

 

 

1. :
) 464(10); ) 380,1875(10); ) 115,94(10) ( ).

.

464 | 0 380 | 0 |1875 115 | 1 |94

232 | 0 190 | 0 0|375 57 | 1 1|88

116 | 0 95 | 1 0|75 28 | 0 1|76

58 | 0 47 | 1 1|5 14 | 0 1|52

) 29 | 1 ) 23 | 1 1|0 ) 7 | 1 1|04

14 | 0 11 | 1 3 | 1 0|08

7 | 1 5 | 1 1 | 1 0|16

3 | 1 2 | 0

1 | 1 1 | 1

) 464(10) = 111010000(2); ) 380,1875(10) = 101111100,0011(2); ) 115,94(10) 1110011,11110(2) ( , ).

, , , , . , , (8 = 23). , , . , : , . . .

 

P

2 00 01 10 11
4 0 1 2 3

 

P

2 000 001 010 011 100 101 110 111
8 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

 

P

2 0000 0001 0010 0011 0100 0101 0110 0111 1000 1001 1010 1011 1100 1101 1110 1111
16 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A B C D E F

1111010101,11(2).

001111010101, 1100 (2) = 3D5,C(16).

P , , , ( -1). , . .

2. .

) 1000001(2).

1000001(2)=1× 26+0× 25+0× 24+0× 23+0× 22+ 0× 21+1× 20 = 64+1=65(10).

. , - , .

) 1000011111,0101(2).

1000011111,0101(2)=1×29 + 1×24 + 1×23 + 1×22 + 1×21 + 1×20 + 1×2-2 + 1×2-4 = 512 + 16 + 8 + 4 + 2 + 1 + 0,25 + 0,0625 = 543,3125(10).

) 1216,04(8).

1216,04(8)=1×83+2×82+1×81+6×80+4× 8-2 = 512+128+8+6+0,0625 = 654,0625(10).

) 29A,5(16).

29A,5(16) = 2×162+9×161+10×160+5×16-1 = 512+144+10+0,3125 = 656,3125(10).

P . P = 2, 8 16 .

=2

+ 0 1
0 0 1
1 1 10

 

 
´ 0 1
0 0 0
1 0 1

 

 

=8

+ 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
0 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 10
2 2 3 4 5 6 7 10 11
3 3 4 5 6 7 10 11 12
4 4 5 6 7 10 11 12 13
5 5 6 7 10 11 12 13 14
6 6 7 10 11 12 13 14 15
7 7 10 11 12 13 14 15 16

 

 
´ 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
2 0 2 4 6 10 12 14 16
3 0 3 6 11 14 17 22 25
4 0 4 10 14 20 24 30 34
5 0 5 12 17 24 31 36 43
6 0 6 14 22 30 36 44 52
7 0 7 16 25 34 43 52 61

 

 

=16

+ 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A B C D E F
0 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A B C D E F
1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A B C D E F 10
2 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A B C D E F 10 11
3 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A B C D E F 10 11 12
4 4 5 6 7 8 9 A B C D E F 10 11 12 13
5 5 6 7 8 9 A B C D E F 10 11 12 13 14
6 6 7 8 9 A B C D E F 10 11 12 13 14 15
7 7 8 9 A B C D E F 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
8 8 9 A B C D E F 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17
9 9 A B C D E F 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
A A B C D E F 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19
B B C D E F 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 1A
C C D E F 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 1A 1B
D D E F 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 1A 1B 1C
E E F 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 1A 1B 1C 1D
F F 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 1A 1B 1C 1D 1E

 


 

´ 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A B C D E F
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A B C D E F
2 0 2 4 6 8 A C E 10 12 14 16 18 1A 1C 1E
3 0 3 6 9 C F 12 15 18 1B 1E 21 24 27 2A 2D
4 0 4 8 C 10 14 18 1C 20 24 28 2C 30 34 38 3C
5 0 5 A F 14 19 1E 23 28 2D 32 37 3C 41 46 4B
6 0 6 C 12 18 1E 24 2A 30 36 3C 42 48 4E 54 5A
7 0 7 E 15 1C 23 2A 31 38 3F 46 4D 54 5B 62 69
8 0 8 10 18 20 28 30 38 40 48 50 58 60 68 70 78
9 0 9 12 1B 24 2D 36 3F 48 51 5A 63 6C 75 7E 87
A 0 A 14 1E 28 32 3C 46 50 5A 64 6E 78 82 8C 96
B 0 B 16 21 2C 37 42 4D 58 63 6E 79 84 8F 9A A5
C 0 C 18 24 30 3C 48 54 60 6C 78 84 90 9C A8 B4
D 0 D 1A 27 34 41 4E 5B 68 75 82 8F 9C A9 B6 C3
E 0 E 1C 2A 38 46 54 62 70 7E 8C 9A A8 B6 C4 D2
F 0 F 1E 2D 3C 4B 5A 69 78 87 96 A5 B4 C3 D2 E1

 

3. :
) 10000000100(2) + 111000010(2) = 10111000110(2).
) 223,2(8) + 427,54(8) = 652,74(8).
) 3B3,6(16) + 38B,4(16) = 73E,A(16).

10000000100 223,2 3B3,6

+ 111000010 + 427,54 +38B,4

------------ ------- -----

10111000110 652,74 73E,A

 

4. :
) 1100000011,011(2) - 101010111,1(2) = 110101011,111(2).
) 1510,2(8) - 1230,54(8) = 257,44(8).
) 27D,D8(16) - 191,2(16) = EC,B8(16).

1100000011,011 1510,2 27D,D8

- 101010111,1 -1230,54 -191,2

-------------- ------- ------

110101011,111 257,44 EC,B8

 

5. :
) 100111(2) ´1000111(2) = 101011010001(2).
) 1170,64(8) ´ 46,3(8) = 57334,134(8).
) 61,A(16) ´ 40,D(16) = 18B7,52(16).

100111 1170,64 61,A

*1000111 * 46,3 *40,D

------------- -------------- ----------

100111 355 234 4F 52

+ 100111 + 7324 70 + 1868

100111 47432 0 ----------

100111 ------------- 18B7,52

------------- 57334,134

101011010001

 

:

 

  1. , , :
110100,112; 123,418; 1DE,C816.
  1. , , :
1001111110111,01112; 1011110011100,112;
  1. , , :
10112, 112 111,12; 7,58 14,68; A,B16 E,F16;
  1. , , :
1012 1111,0012; 6,258 7,128.
  1. :

101010 + (10616 - 110111012) - 128;

  1. 59 214 . .



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