Bodily nonverbal communication has several dimensions, one of which is kinesics, or physical movements of the body, such as gestures, the way one holds ones body (tense or relaxed posture), and how one uses the body in given contexts. Powerful persuaders want to be
physically or perceptually above their audiences. They also demonstrate relaxed but erect posture, dynamic gestures, good eye contact, and variation in speaking rate and inflection. Powerless persuaders behave more submissively and exhibit lots of body tension, little direct eye contact, closed postures (for example, legs and arms crossed), and few gestures. Knapp identifies several head movements that convey meaning: cocking of the head, tilting or nodding of the head, and the thrusting out of the jaw or the shaking of the head.
And, of course, there are other movements that convey meaning: clenching ones fist, having ones arms akimbo on the waist, and standing in an open stance with legs spread apart. These movements can indicate anger, intensity, and degree of commitment or dedication. In some cases, gestures and bodily movements are emblematic they stand for a particular meaning. For example, stroking the index finger while pointing it at someone is emblematic of shame on you, crossed fingers indicate good luck, and the hitchhikers closed fist and extended thumb are emblematic of wanting a ride (although the same gesture means gig them to a student of Texas A&M).
Orban points out several others including the A OK sign (which conveys the same meaning to Latin Americans as the bird does to us), the be quiet sign and the peace sign. He says these emblems can do many things such as perform a function (shush), communicate positive, negative or neutral values (thumbs up, thumbs down, or shoulder shrugging), or provide an evaluation such as the A_OK emblem does in the United States. And there are many obscene gestures that quickly arouse anger or other emotions.
GLOSSARY
A
ability
abnormal
abnormal personality
absorb
absorption ,
abuse
abuser , -
acceptance
accomodate
accompany
accumulation ,
achieve
achievement
acquire
acquired
acquisition
activity ,
adaptation
adaptive
addicted
addiction
adjustment
adolescent
adoption
adult
adverse effect advertisement
affection
affiliation
afterimage
age
aggression
aging
agitation
agreement
alienation
altruistic
ambiguity
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ambition
ancestor
anthropologist
anticipate
anticipation ,
anxiety ,
anxiety-proneness
anxious
apathy
appearance
apperception
application
applied
appointment
appraisal ,
apprehension
approach
approachability
approval
aptitude ,
argument ,
aroused
assess
association
attachment
attempt
attend attention
attitude ,
attract
attraction
attractive
auditory
authority ,
average
avoid
avoidance
aware
awareness
background ,
behave
behaviour
behaviourist
belief ,
belonging
benefit , ,
body language
bond
borderline condition ()
boredom
boundary
brain
brain drain
brainstorming
breed
capacity
capital punishment
care ,
career
career burnout ,
carry out
catharsis ,
cause
cause and effect
cell
centenarian
character
characteristic
child abuse
childhood
circumstance
civil
civil morality
closeness
cluster
cognition
cognitive
cohabitation
cohabiting family ,
comfort ,
commit
commit a crime
commitment
commodity
common sense
communication ,
community
compatibility
competence
competition
comprehend
concentration
concept
onclusion ,
condition ,
conduct ;
confidence
conflict
conformity
confront
connection
conscious
consciousness
consensus ,
consequence
consider ,
consumer ,
contemplation
contract
contradict
contradiction
contribution ,
control population
conversation
conversationalist
convey
cooperation
with
corporal punishment
correspond
cortex
counsellor
couple ,
create
creativity
creature crime
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criminal
cross-cultural
curb
cure
curiosity
custody
D
data
deal with
death
death rate
deceit
decline ,
decrease
deficiency ,
define
dejection
delinquency
delinquent delusion
dependent ,
depression
deprivation
deprive
desire
destroy
destructive
detention centre
determine
development
deviance ,
deviant
device ,
diaspora
digestive process
dignity
dimension
disagree
disappointment
disapproval
discharge
discipline
discover ,
discrepancy
disease
disgust
disinterested
disorder
display unit
disposition
distinguish
distortion
distress
disturbance
divorce
divorce rate
dominant
dream
drive
driving force
drug ,
drug use
drug user
drug-abuser
dual personality
dynamics
education
effort
ego ,
eliminate
embarrassment
emotion
emotional quale
emotionally charged situation
empathy ,
emphasis
emphasize
employee
employment ,
encourage
encouragement
environment
ergonomics
escapism
essence
establish
estimate
eternal verity
evaluate
event ,
evidence ,
evoke
evolution
evolve
examination
exchange
exert pressure
exhaustion ,
exhibit , existence
experience , ;
explain
explanation
expose
exposure
express
expression
extinction
extrovert
eye contact
F
face
facial
faculty
faith
fatigue
fear
feeling
female
fight-or-flight response , ,
finding ,
forecast
forensic
forensic psychology
forget
forgetting
frame of mind
friendship
frustration
fulfil
G
gap
generalize
generation
geneticist
gerontologist
gesture
goal orientation
golden mean gregariousness
grief ,
group
group dynamics
growth
habit
habitual
habituation
handle
handwriting
happiness
harmful
heal
healer
health service
healthy
heart
heart attack
hidden
hierarchy
hospice
hostage
household
human
human being
human factor
humanity
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hypnosis
hypnotic
hypothalamus hypothesis
id ,
identity
illness
image
imagination
immune
impact ,
impersonal
incompatibility incompatible
increase
indifference
individual
individuality
infancy
infant
infantile
inferiority complex
influence
influx
ingroup
inherited
inhibition
injury
innate
insane
insight ,
insomnia
inspiration
institution ,
intellect ,
intellectual
intelligence quotient (IQ)
intelligence test
intensity
intent
interact
interaction
interfere
interpersonal
interview
introvert
invasion
inventory
investigate
investigation
investigator
involvement
isolation
issue
J
joint venture
judgment
juvenile
juvenile delinquency
kinship
knowledge
L
lag
lag of sensation
lapse of memory
leader
leadership
learned
learning
left-handed
level
life expectancy
life span
lifestyle
living ,
living organism
loneliness
lonely
long-term memory
majority
maladjusted
male ,
management ,
manifest
manifestation
mannerism
marital situation
marriage
married
marry
mass media
maternal
maternal drive
maturation ,
mature personality
meaning
means
measurement
medium ,
member
membership
memory
mental deficiency
mental disorder
mental retardation ,
mentally normal
migrant
migrate
milieu
mindset
misperccption
mode of behaviour
modify
monitor
mood
moody
moral development
morphopsychology
mortality
motive
movement
multiple choice
multiple personality
muscle
muscular
mutual
mutual relations
N
nature ,
need ,
neglect
negotiation
network
nightmare
nursery
obedience
obligation
observe
obsession
occupation
occurrence
odor
oedipus complex
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onlyhood
onlys
opinion
option
orientation
orphan
outbreak
outgroup
outlook
overcome
overlap
overwhelming majority
paradigm
parent
parental
parenthood
participate
passion
pathology
patient ,
pattern ,
peer
penalty
percentage
perception
perform
performance
persist
persistence
person
personal
personal attitudes
personal identity
personality
phenomenon (phenomena) ()
pitch ()
pleasure
pleasure centre ( )
poll
population
posture
practitioner
predict
predisposition
prejudice
premonition
prerequisite
presentation
preservation
pressure
prevent
primary
primary group
priority ,
problem solving
procedure
process
processing
promote
prone
propensity
property
provide
psyche
psychiatrist
psychiatry
psychic
psychodrama
psychologist
psychology
psychopath
psychophysics
psychosis
psychotherapy
psychosomatic
public opinion
punish
punishment
pursue ,
Q
quality
questionnaire ,
R
raise
random ,
range
rapport
rating
reaction
reaction time
realize ,
rearing
reasoning
reassurance
recall
receptor
recognition
recruitment
reduce ,
refer
reference
reflect ,
reflection
reflex
refugee
regression
rehabilitation
reject ,
rejection
relation
relationship
relative
relaxation
release
reliability
relief
relieve stress
remember
reminiscence
remove
replace
representation
repression ,
reproduction
repulsive
require
requirement
research
researcher
resemble
resistance ,
resolve ,
respect
respond ,
respondent
response ,
responsibility
responsible
restraint
retain balance
retardation
reveal
reward
role
rolo expectation
role performance
role set
row
S
safety
sample
schizophrenia
science
secondary
secondary group
security
seek ,
selection
self
self-destruction
self-esteem
self-expression
self-regulation
self-suggestion
sensation
sense
sense organs
sensibility
sensible ,
sensitive
sensory memory
separate
serenity
service ,
session
set
setting
sex
shame
shaping
share
short-term memory
sibling
sight
sign
signature
similarity
single
skill
skin
slumber
smell
smile
social
social adaptation
social being
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social exchange
social rules
social security
social worker
socialization
society
sociologist
sociology
sociophobia
sociophobic
solitary
solitude
solve a problem
sound
species ,
spiritual
spontaneity
spouse ,
state
statistics
status
stepchild
stepfamily
stepparent
stereotype
stimulus (stimuli) ()
store
strain
strength
stress
strive for superiority
structure
subject ,
substance
substitution
subsystem
success
successful
suffer
suffering
suggestibility
suggestion
suicidal
suicide
suicide rate
super-ego -, -
support
suppression ,
surgeon
surgery
survey ,
survive
survival
sympathetic
taste
team ,
technique ,
teenager
temperament
temporary
tension
test battery
thalamus a
therapist
therapy
thinking
thought threat
threaten
tissue
tolerance ,
tolerant
train
training
trait
transfer
transitory
transplantation
trauma
treat ,
treatment
trial-and-error learning
trouble
trust
trusted confidant
u
uncertainly unconditional response
unconscious
unit
upbringing
V
vagrant
validity ,
value
variable
variety
victim
violate
violation
violence
violent
visceral
vision
visual ,
voice
volition
vulnerability
W
welfare benefit
well-being
will
withdrawal
worry
Y
youngster
1. .. : . : - , 2014. 62 .
2. .., .., .., .. : . - .: , 2011.
3. . ., . ., . . : . - 4- ., . . - .: -, 2016.
1. . . : - 2- . - /: , 2006. - 512 .
2. . ., . . : . - 10- . - .: , , 2010. - 384
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