II.
, -2 .
: Fe2O3 (III), Cl2O (I).
() : CO, SiO, NO, N2O.
:
+1, +2,
+2, +3, +4,
+5, +6, +7
+1 +7.
:
+ O2 = CO2
2 + O2 = 2
() :
CH4 + 2O2 = CO2 + 22O
4FeS2 + 11O2 = 2Fe2O3 + 8SO2
:
CaCO3 > t > + CO2
2Fe(OH)3 > t > Fe2O3 + 2O
(Na2O, CaO, CuO, FeO) .
+ 2O = (OH)2 ( IA II-, Be, Mg)
CuO + 2O? ( )
+ CO2 = CaCO3
+ 2HCl = CaCl2 + 2O
(CO2, 2O5, rO3, Mn2O7) .
SO2 + 2O = H2SO3 ( , SiO2, )
SO2 + = CaSO3
SO2 + 2NaOH = Na2SO3 + 2O
(ZnO, Al2O3, Cr2O3, , ) .
ZnO + H2O? ( )
ZnO + 2HCl = ZnCl2 + 2O
ZnO + 2NaOH > t > Na2ZnO2 + 2O ( )
ZnO + 2NaOH + H2O = Na2[Zn(OH)4] ( )
, - ; , .
: Fe(OH)3 (III).
:
() NaOH, KOH;
Fe(OH)2, Mg(OH)2;
Zn(OH)2, Al(OH)3, (OH)2, r(OH)3;
NaOH, KOH;
(OH)2, Zn(OH)2;
Al(OH)3, r(OH)3.
:
2Na + 22O = 2NaOH + 2
Na2O + 2O = 2NaOH
- :
FeSO4 + 2NaOH = Fe(OH)2v + Na2SO4
AlCl3 + 3NaOH = Al(OH)3v + 3NaCl
:
NaOH >Na+ + OH? (? = 1, )
NaOH + HCl = NaCl + H2O ( )
2NaOH + CO2 = Na2CO3 + H2O
2NaOH + Zn(OH)2 = Na2[Zn(OH)4]
2NaOH + Al2O3 > t > 2NaAlO2 + H2O
2NaOH + CuSO4 = Cu(OH)2v + Na2SO4
2NaOH + Zn + 2H2O = Na2[Zn(OH)4] + H2
2NaOH + 2Al + 6H2O = 2Na[Al(OH)4] + 3H2
2NaOH + Si + H2O = Na2SiO3 + 2H2
:
Fe(OH)2 - FeOH+ + OH? (? << 1);
FeOH+ - Fe2+ + OH? (? << 1)
Fe(OH)2 + H2SO4 = FeSO4 + 2H2O
Fe(OH)2 > t > FeO + H2O
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:
Al3++ OH? + 2O - Al(OH)3v + 2O - [Al(OH)4]? + +
Al(OH)3 + HCl = AlCl3 + 2O
Al(OH)3 + NaOH = Na[Al(OH)4]
2Al(OH)3 > t > Al2O3 + 2O
, ; , .
:
:
HCl
H2S
3PO4
HNO3
HCl
CO2 + 2O = 2CO3 ( SiO2)
Na2SiO3 + H2SO4 = Na2SO4 + H2SiO3v
H2 + Cl2 = 2HCl
HCl > H+ + CI? (? =1) ( )
CH3COOH - CH3COO? + H+ (? << 1)
Fe + 2HCl = FeCl2 + H2 ( )
Cu + HCl? ( , )
2HCl + CuO = CuCl2 + 2O
2HCl + Cu(OH)2 = CuCl2 + 22O
2HCl + ZnO = ZnCl2 + 2O
3HCl + Al(OH)3 = AlCl3 + 32O
2HCl + Na2CO3 = 2NaCl + H2O + CO2^ ( )
HCl + AgNO3 = AgClv + HNO3 ( )
, .
, .
Na2HPO4
(2PO4)2
AlOHSO4
KMgF3
NaCl NaF
NaNH4HPO4
Na2[Zn(OH)4]
MgCl2, Na3PO4
Na2HPO4, Ca(H2PO4)2
MgOHCl, (Al(OH)2)2SO4
NaCl NaF, CaBrCl
KMgF3, KAl(SO4)2
Na2[Zn(OH)4], K3[Cr(OH)6]
CuSO4 5H2O
( CuS04)
Cu + 2H2SO4 = CuSO4 + SO2 + 2H2O
Cu + 2AgNO3 = Cu(NO3)2 + 2Ag
CuO + H2SO4 = CuSO4 + H2O
CuO + SO3 = CuSO4
Cu(OH)2 + H2SO4 = CuSO4 + 2H2O
CuCO3 + H2SO4 = CuSO4 + H2O + CO2
CuCl2 + Ag2SO4 = CuSO4 + 2AgClv
NaHCO3 >Na+ + HCO3? (? = 1)
HCO3? - H+ + CO32- (? << 1)
MgOHCl > MgOH+ + CI? (? = 1)
MgOH+ - Mg2+ + OH? (? << 1)
NaHSO4 > Na+ + + + SO4? (? = 1)
CuSO4 + Fe = Cu + FeSO4 (Fe Cu )
Pb + ZnCl2? (Pb Zn )
CuSO4 + 2NaOH = Cu(OH)2v + Na2SO4 ()
CuSO4 + H2S = CuSv + H2SO4 ()
CuSO4 + BaCl2 = BaSO4v + CuCl2 ()
Ca(HCO3)2 > t > CaCO3v + H2O + CO2 ( )
CaCO3 > t >CaO + CO2 ( )
2NaNO3 > t > 2NaNO2 + O2 ( Mg )
2Pb(NO3)2 > t > 2bO + 4NO2 + O2 ( Mg Cu )
2AgNO3 > t > 2Ag + 2NO2 + O2 ( Cu )
NH4Cl > t > NH3 + HCl ( )
NH4NO3 > t > N2O + 22O ( )
NH4NO2 > t > N2 + 2H2O ( )
(NH4)2Cr2O7 > t > N2 + Cr2O3 + 42O ( )
4KClO3 > 400 C > KCl + 3KClO4
2KClO3 > t, MnO4 > 2KCl + 3O2
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2MnO4 > t > 2MnO4 + MnO2 + O2
