1. . . : W, , , b, .
2. ́ ́, pH. . . . ().
3. . .
4. .
5.1. : , ( ) . , (1 =10-6 ): (<10-3), (10-2-10-3), (10-1-10-2). (, , ) > 10-1 .
. . , .. --, - ; ; , , ( , ).
:
W, , , b, .
W = m- : m- × 100, % = m- : ×v, /렠 = m- : ×v, /렠
b = n: m-, / = m- : v, /.
m- , m- - , , v , - , n m- , .
5.2. ́ ́, pH ( ) , ( ) [H+] , http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/ .
: | (): | ||||
= -lg [H+]; [ H-] = α∙ ∙n ( ( ), H+, ) | = 14- O; O = -lg [ OH-]; [ OH-] = α∙ ∙n ( ( ), OH-, ) | ||||
, . α 1. , ( ), , (, .).
α = √ / C, ( ), - , /. | |||||
HCl | LiOH | ||||
HCl4 | NaOH | ||||
H I | KOH | ||||
H r | CsOH | ||||
HNO3, | RbOH | ||||
H2SO4 | Ba(OH)2 | ||||
HMnO4 | Ca(OH)2 | ||||
H2CrO4 | Sr(OH)2 | ||||
5.3. - , (, ) -. , . . : , .
5.4. - ( ), . . .