13. 1.
, ( ). , , - , , - .
( ) ; , , , , - , , - -.
. , , :
Ever been here before? - - ?
( )
Never. - .
( )
Coming my way? - ?
( )
- - - , , . - , - - , - :
Are you willing to go to the cinema - with me? Of course! ? - !
Good morning, Jane! - poe , !
Are you tired? By no means. - ? - .
13.2. .
13.2.1. (The Subject)
, , , - , . :
Will you come here tonight? - ?
- Yes, Ishall. - .
, - .
, , , .
:
The moon was rising in the sky. Great Britain lies on the islands. | . - . | |
I ve known him for many years. Someone is waiting for you downstairs. | . - . | |
Four will be enough. | . | |
Brown will suit me fine. | . | |
To smoke is bad for ones health. | . | |
Printing helped to standardise spelling. | - . | |
/, -, , - | The is the definite article. [u:] is a long vowel. | h - . [ u:] - . |
- , . - e . - :
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1) n - , , . n, , :
From the other window one could see - -
the four large blocks of university - buildings. .
2) they , :
h say hell be back on Monday. - , ⠠
.
3) ou , . n:
If you want to make people angry - x -
just tell them what you re really , , thinking. .
, , , , it. it - :
1) , , , :
It s only seven oclock now. - .
Is it far to the station? - ?
It s very cold today, isnt it? - , ?
-, (to rain, to snow, to freeze), , :
It is snowing. - e.
It was raining all day yesterday. - .
, , , .., , - to become, to get, to grow, to turn. :
It has grown dark. - .
Its getting cold. - .
Its getting harder and harder. - .
2) , , :
It takes me 10 minutes to get to - 10 ,
school. .
Is it necessary for you to go there -
now? ?
Its a pity he hasnt come. - , .
3) it seems, it appears, it happens, it is said, it is believed. , :
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It seems so. - , .
It is said that swimming is a very - , - useful sport. .
, and, either or, neither nor, not only but also, as well as . :
Neither you nor he is right. - .
Gold, silver and platinum are - , precious metals. .
, :
To invent a perpetual motion -
~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~
machine is impossible. .
, for. oe .
, () , - :
Johns doing it at once is absolutely - , necessary. .
, , - . , . :
1) to think, to believe, to know, to expect, to consider, to suppose, to hear, to see. - :
He is known to be good - , - 頠
sportsman. .
He is expected to come at any - .
moment.
2) to say, to report, to describe .. - :
is said to be a good chess- - , .
player.
heplane was reported to land - , - safely. .
3) , , , , : to advise, to allow, to ask, to permit, to order, to tell, to make - :
I was told to stay there. - .
He was made to do it. - .
4) to seem, to appear, to happen, to prove, to turn out :
u seem to know the material ,
very well. .
He proved to be right in the end. .
5) sure, likely, unlikely, certain:
He is sure to come soon. - .
She is unlikely to be late. - .
for, for- , for, / , , it:
It will be impossible for meto - e .
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come tomorrow.
It was necessary for him to go there. -
.
13.2.2. ( he Predicate)
:
1) ;
2) ;
3) ;
4) .
13.2.2.1. ( h Simple Verbal Predicate)
, , :
I am going to the library today. - .
Shall I change your books? - ?
Wait for me. I am coming too. - . .
Ann is not at home. - .
, there is:
There is a fine park in our town. -
.
There wasnt a shop in our street. - .
.
13.2.2.2. ( h Modal Verbal Predicate)
(can, may, must, should, need, ought, be, have, have got) . - to be, to look, to appear, to seem, to feel . . oe (, , , ..):
Can you swim? - ?
He ought to be more polite. - E .
It must be about ten. - , , .
13.2.2.3. a ( h Group Verb Predicate)
a ( - t have to take) . . O :
I have dinner. - .
I dine.
I have a rest. - .
I rest.
() . :
to have dinner (breakfast, supper, lunch, tea, a snack); to have a lesson (lessons); to have a talk; to have a look; to have a cold; to have a good time; to have a rest; to have a bite; to have a drink; to have a smoke; to have a quarrel; to have (take) a walk; to take a bath; to take a seat; to take a tram (bus, etc.); to take care, to pay a visit; to pay attention, to catch cold.
Lets have a swim. - .
Did you have a talk with him? - ?
13.2.2.4. o ( he m nd Nominal Predicate)
o - to be ( ). - , - , , . , to be . :
Our town is very beautiful. - .
Are you ready? - ?
to be, - :
1) t s em, to look, to appear , to feel :
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You look tired. - .
She seemed very excited. - .
He feels fine. - .
2) to get, to become, to turn, to grow :
brother will become an engineer. - .
She turned pale. - .
3) to remain, to keep, to continue, to begin, to start, to finish, to stop, to cease, to go on , :
He kept talking. - .
Everybody remained silent. - .
Start working, please. - , .
He stopped chatting at once. - .
( h Predicative) :
1) () :
This is my sister Ann. She is a - . .
student.
Is it your book? No, its not - ? , , mine, it is Nicks. .
She is in good health. - .
2) :
When will you be free today? - ?
This chair is broken. - .
3) , , :
It s me. - .
That s something! - -!
Whose book is this? Its mine. - ? .
4) :
We were only two. - .
I was the first to come. - .
5) :
Our plan was to start at once. - .
Its up to you to decide. - .
6) :
My hobby is collecting postage - stamps. .
7) :
The lesson is over. - .
Our time is up. - .
8) :
My father is against my entering - the college this autumn. .
13.2.3.
:
What are you doing? I am - ? preparing for my lessons. .
, , :
Everybodyknows it. - .
Either month is all right. - e .
, :
Meeting her was a pleasure. - .
, , , , , , (), :
The crowdwas helpless. - .
Th fleeing crowdwere scattered - by the mounted police. .
, , , .., , , , :
30 miles is a days journey in - 30 - these hills. .
6 cm of aluminum are required - 6 ,
to stop all beta rays. .
, , and both nd, :
h Earth and other planets mov - around the Sun. .
Both the dog and his master were - ,
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dragged ashore by Peter and Hans.
.
, , co neither nor, either or, not only but also, - :
Either Margaret or I m going with you. - .
Neither Margaret nor her sisterswere - , ready. .
as well as, :
John, as well as his brothers, doesnt -, , bear townsfolk. .
13.3 (Secondary Parts of the Sentence)
13.3.1. (The bject)
, , , : Whom? - oo? What? - ? To whom? - ? With whom? - ? By whom?- ? Ab ut whom? - ? About what? - ? ..
. . to, .
13.3.1.1. (The Direct Object)
, , , . whom? - ? what - ? . , :
He met a friend. - .
The pilot started t h ee n g i n e. - .
, , , , , :
Give me some water. - .
I have not read this book. - .
, x :
Help me, please. - , .
He followed h i sb r o t h e r. - .
, , :
Substr ct 92 fr m 238. 92 238.
knew all the ups and downs of -
their family history. .
Do you want to go with me? - ?
I m very sorry to have kept you - , waiting. .
, , :
Studying foreign languages is of - great importance. .
Reading the letter upset her. - .
Having read the letter she got upset. - ,
.
, . .
13.3.1.2. (The Complex Object)
, , ( ) :