, . , . , , ..
, , t, , , - t + Δ t , .
. () . , . . 1, , . d . . 1, d = a + b, a , b .
.
( ) ,
. , φ (φ ).
, . 2, , ( ´) , Δ:
Δ = ´´ = d sin φ (1)
( , ).
.1 . 2
, , ( d ) , , . , , , φ , ( , φ ), . (1) , ´, ., : Δ = mλ (m = 1,2,), , . φ,
|
|
d sin φ m = m λ, (2)
m = 0, 1, 2, . ( , , m = 0, φ = 0). (2)
. (2), m - φm, .
( ) , .
, , (2):
(3)
, d, m φ m.
.3 , . . .
xm - m - . xm << l, , , :
, m = 1, 2, (4)
( ) :
1. , .
2. 220 .
3. , l.
4. 1- 2- , , 1 2 (1 1- , 2 2- ).
5. . l.
d = -
l () | m | 蠠 m () | λ () | < λ > Δλ () |
| 1 |
| ||
2 | ||||
| 1 | |||
2 | ||||
| 1 | |||
2 |
6. (4)
( d
|
|
). d, l, 1,2
, ( λ)
(1 = 10-9 = 10-6 ).
7. :
().